Consensus development conference, prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Med. 1991, 90: 107-110. 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90512-V.
Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Seeman E, Offord KP, Dunn WL, Mazess RB, Johnson KA, Melton LJ: Changes in bone mineral density of the proximal femur and spine with aging. Differences between the postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis syndromes. J Clin Invest. 1982, 70: 716-723. 10.1172/JCI110667.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Orimo H, Shiraki M, Hayashi Y, Hoshino T, Onaya T, Miyazaki S, Kurosawa H, Nakamura T, Ogawa N: Effects of 1α hydroxy-vitamin D3 on lumbar bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int. 1994, 54: 370-376. 10.1007/BF00305521.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shiraki M, Kushida K, Yamazaki K: Effects of 2 year's treatment of osteoporosis with 1α hydroxy-vitamin D3 on bone mineral density and incidence of fracture: a placebo-controlled, double blind prospective study. Endocine J. 1996, 43: 211-220. 10.1507/endocrj.43.211.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Turner RT, Vandersteenhoven JJ, Bell NH: The effects of ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol on cortical bone histomorphometry in growing rats. J Bone Miner Res. 1987, 2: 115-122.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shiraishi A, Takeda S, Masaki T, Higuchi Y, Uchiyama Y, Kubodera N, Sato K, Ikeda K, Nakamura T, Matsumoto T, Ogata E: Alfacalcidol inhibits bone resorption and stimulates formation in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis: distinct actions from estrogen. J Bone Miner Res. 2000, 15 (4): 770-779. 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.4.770.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Porras AG, Holland SD, Gertz B: Pharmacokinetics of alendronate. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999, 36: 315-328. 10.2165/00003088-199936050-00002.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fratzl P, Roschger P, Fratzl-Zelman N, Paschalis EP, Phipps R, Klaushofer K: Evidence that treatment with risedronate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis affects bone mineralization and bone volume. Calcif Tissue Int. 2007, 81 (2): 73-80. 10.1007/s00223-007-9039-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dufresne T, Chmielewski P, Manhart M, Johnson T, Borah B: Risedronate preserves bone architecture in early postmenopausal women in 1 year as measured by three-dimensional microcomputed tomography. Calcif Tissue Int. 2003, 73: 423-432. 10.1007/s00223-002-2104-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rodan GA, Fleisch HA: Bisphosphonates: mechanisms of action. J Clin Invest. 1996, 97: 2692-2696. 10.1172/JCI118722.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zoehrer R, Roschger P, Paschalis EP, Hofstaetter JG, Durchschlag E, Fratzl P, Phipps R, Klaushofer K: Effects of 3- and 5-year treatment with risedronate on bone mineralization density distribution in triple biopsies of the iliac crest in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2006, 21 (7): 1106-1112. 10.1359/jbmr.060401.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boivin GY, Chavassieux PM, Santora AC, Yates J, Meunier PJ: Alendronate increases bone strength by increasing the mean degree of mineralization of bone tissue in osteoporotic women. Bone. 2000, 27: 687-694. 10.1016/S8756-3282(00)00376-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burr DB: Bone material properties and mineral matrix contributions to fracture risk or age in women and men. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2002, 2: 201-204.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gearnero P, Delmas PD: Contribution of bone mineral density and bone turnover markers to the estimation of risk of Osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2004, 4: 50-63.
Google Scholar
Paschalis EP, Shne E, Lyritis D, Skaeantavos G, Mandelsohn R, Boskey AL: Bone fragility and collagen cross-links. J Bone Miner Res. 2004, 19: 2000-2004. 10.1359/JBMR.040820.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nakano T, Kaibara K, Tabata Y, Nagata N, Enomoto S, Marukawa E, Umakoshi Y: Unique alignment and texture of biological apatite crystallites in typical calcified tissues analyzed by micro-beam X-ray diffractometer system. Bone. 2002, 31: 479-487. 10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00850-5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nakano T, Tabata Y, Umakoshi Y: Texture and Bone Reinforcement. Encyclopedia of Materials, Science and Technology Updates, Elsevier, Oxford. 2005, MS2061-1-8.
Google Scholar
Kashii M, Hashimoto J, Nakano T, Umakoshi Y, Yoshikawa H: Alendronate treatment promotes bone formation with a less anistropic microstructure during intramembranous ossification in rats. J Bone Miner Metab. 2008, 26: 24-33. 10.1007/s00774-007-0782-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Landis WJ: The strength of a calcified tissue depends in part on the molecular structure and organization of its constituent mineral crystals in their organic matrix. Bone. 1995, 16: 533-544. 10.1016/8756-3282(95)00076-P.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sasaki N, Sudoh Y: X-ray pole figure analysis of apatite crystals and collagen molecules in bone. Calcif Tissue Int. 1997, 60: 361-367. 10.1007/s002239900244.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nakano T, Awazu T, Umakoshi Y: Plastic Deformation and operative slip system in mineral fluorapatite single crystals. Scripta Materialia. 2001, 44: 811-815. 10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00656-4.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bacon GE, Griffiths RK: Texture, stress, and age in the human femur. Journal of Anatomy. 1985, 143: 97-101.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lee JW, Nakano T, Toyosawa S, Tabata Y, Umakoshi Y: Areal distribution of preferential alignment of biological apatite (BAp) crystallite on cross-section of center of femoral diaphysis in osteopetrotic (op/op) mouse. Materials Transactions. 2007, 48: 337-342. 10.2320/matertrans.48.337.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mosekilde L, Danielsen CC, Knudsen UB: The effects of aging and ovariectomy on the vertebral bone mass and biomechanical properties of mature rats. Bone. 1993, 14: 1-6. 10.1016/8756-3282(93)90248-9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Katsumata T, Nakamura T, Ohnishi H, Sakurawa T: Intermittent cyclical etidronate treatment maintains the mass, structure and the mechanical property of bone in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Res. 1995, 10: 921-931.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Augat P, Gordon CL, Lang TF, Iida H, Genant HK: Accuracy of cortical and trabecular bone measurements with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Phys Med Biol. 1998, 43 (10): 2873-2883. 10.1088/0031-9155/43/10/015.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Breen SA, Millest AJ, Loveday BE, Johnstone D, Waterton JC: Regional Analysis of Bone Mineral Density in the Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia Using Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in the Rat In Vivo. Calcif Tissue Int. 1996, 58 (6): 449-453.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ito M, Nakamura T, Matsumoto T, Tsurusaki K, Hayashi K: Analysis of trabecular microarchitecture of human iliac bone using microcomputed tomography in patients with hip arthrosis with or without vertebral fracture. Bone. 1998, 23: 163-169. 10.1016/S8756-3282(98)00083-0.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hildebrand T, Laib A, Muller R, Dequeker J, Ruegsegger P: Direct three-dimensional morphometric analysis of human cancellous bone: microstructural data from spine, femur, iliac crest, and calcaneous. J Bone Miner Res. 1999, 14: 1167-1174. 10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.7.1167.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hughes DE, Wright KR, Uy HL, Sasaki A, Yoneda T, Roodman GD, Mundy GR, Boyce BF: Bisphosphonates promote apoptosis in murine osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo. J Bone Miner Res. 1995, 10: 1478-1487.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Black DM, Thompson DE, Bauer DC, Ensrud K, Musliner T, Hochberg MC, Nevitt MC, Suryawanshi S, Cummings SR: Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis: The Fracture Intervention Trial. FIT Research Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000, 85: 4118-4124. 10.1210/jc.85.11.4118.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Harris ST, Watts NB, Genant HK, McKeever CD, Hangartner T, Keller M, Chesnut CH, Brown J, Eriksen EF, Hoseyni MS, Axelrod DW, Miller PD: Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: A randomized controlled trial. Vertebral Efficacy With Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. JAMA. 1999, 282: 1344-1352. 10.1001/jama.282.14.1344.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fratzl P, Gupta HS, Paschalis EP, Roschger P: Structure and mechanical quality of the collagen-mineral nano-composite in bone. J Mater Chem. 2004, 14: 2115-2123. 10.1039/b402005g.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Borah B, Dufresne TE, Ritman EL, Jorgensen SM, Liu S, Chmielewski PA, Phipps RJ, Zhou X, Sibonga JD, Turner RT: Long-term risedronate treatment normalizes mineralization and continues to preserve trabecular architecture: sequential triple biopsy studies with micro-computed tomography. Bone. 2006, 39 (2): 345-352. 10.1016/j.bone.2006.01.161.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fratzl P, Roschger P, Fratzl-Zelman N, Paschalis EP, Phipps R, Klaushofer K: Evidence that treatment with risedronate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis affects bone mineralization and bone volume. Calcif Tissue Int. 2007, 81 (2): 73-80. 10.1007/s00223-007-9039-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boyce RW, Wronski TJ, Ebert DC, Stevens ML, Paddock CL, Youngs T, Gundersen HJ: Direct stereological estimation of three-dimensional connectivity in rat vertebrae: effect of estrogen, etidronate and risedronate following ovariectomy. Bone. 1995, 16 (2): 209-213. 10.1016/8756-3282(94)00031-T.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Erben RG, Mosekilde L, Thomsen JS, Weber K, Stahr K, Leyshon A, Smith SY, Phipps R: Prevention of bone loss in ovariectomized rats by combined treatment with risedronate and 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Bone Miner Res. 2002, 17 (8): 1498-1511. 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.8.1498.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Harris ST, Eriksen EF, Davidson M, Ettinger MP, Moffett AH, Baylink DJ, Crusan CE, Chines AA: Effect of combined risedronate and hormone replacement therapies on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001, 86: 1890-1897. 10.1210/jc.86.5.1890.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Black DM, Greenspan SL, Ensrud KE, Palermo L, McGowan JA, Lang TF, Garnero P, Bouxsein ML, Bilezikian JP, Rosen CJ, PaTH Study Investigators: The effects of parathyroid hormone and alendronate alone or in combination in postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2003, 349: 1207-1215. 10.1056/NEJMoa031975.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Twiss IM, Pas O, Ramp-Koopmanschap W, Den Hartigh J, Vermeij P: The effects of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates on human epithelial (Caco-2) cells, an in vitro model for intestinal epithelium. J Bone Miner Res. 1999, 14: 784-791. 10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.5.784.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar