Meucci RD, Fassa AG, Faria NM. Prevalence of chronic low back pain: systematic review. Rev Saúde Pública. 2015;49:73.
Buchbinder R, van Tulder M, Oberg B, Costa LM, Woolf A, Schoene M, et al. Low back pain: a call for action. Lancet. 2018;391(10137):2384–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hartvigsen J, Hancock MJ, Kongsted A, Louw Q, Ferreira ML, Genevay S, et al. What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention. Lancet. 2018;391(10137):2356–67.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Waddell G. 1987 Volvo award in clinical sciences: a new clinical model for the treatment of low-back pain. Spine. 1987;12(7):632–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Foster NE, Anema JR, Cherkin D, Chou R, Cohen SP, Gross DP, et al. Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions. Lancet. 2018;391(10137):2368–83.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, Koes BW. Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;3:CD000335.
Google Scholar
van Tulder MW, Koes B, Malmivaara A. Outcome of non-invasive treatment modalities on back pain: an evidence-based review. Eur Spine J. 2006;15(Suppl 1):S64–81.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Nicht-spezifischer Kreuzschmerz – Langfassung, 2. Auflage. Version 1. 2017. [28.09.2020, available from: https://www.kreuzschmerz.versorgungsleitlinien.de].
Chenot J-F, Greitemann B, Kladny B, Petzke F, Pfingsten M, Schorr SG. Non-specific low back pain. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2017;114(51–52):883–90.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Coste J, Paolaggi JB, Spira A. Classification of nonspecific low back pain. II. Clinical diversity of organic forms. Spine. 1992;17(9):1038–42.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
O'Sullivan P. Diagnosis and classification of chronic low back pain disorders: maladaptive movement and motor control impairments as underlying mechanism. Man Ther. 2005;10(4):242–55.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Keller A, Hayden J, Bombardier C, van Tulder M. Effect sizes of non-surgical treatments of non-specific low-back pain. Eur Spine J. 2007;16(11):1776–88.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Karayannis NV, Jull GA, Hodges PW. Movement-based subgrouping in low back pain: synergy and divergence in approaches. Physiotherapy. 2016;102(2):159–69.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Karayannis NV, Jull GA, Hodges PW. Physiotherapy movement based classification approaches to low back pain: comparison of subgroups through review and developer/expert survey. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13:24.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Foster NE, Hill JC, Hay EM. Subgrouping patients with low back pain in primary care: are we getting any better at it? Man Ther. 2011;16(1):3–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Traeger A, McAuley JH. STarT Back screening tool. J Physiother. 2013;59(2):131.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Karstens S, Krug K, Hill JC, Stock C, Steinhaeuser J, Szecsenyi J, et al. Validation of the German version of the STarT-Back tool (STarT-G): a cohort study with patients from primary care practices. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:346.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dankaerts W, O'Sullivan P, Burnett A, Straker L, Davey P, Gupta R. Discriminating healthy controls and two clinical subgroups of nonspecific chronic low back pain patients using trunk muscle activation and lumbosacral kinematics of postures and movements: a statistical classification model. Spine. 2009;34(15):1610–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dankaerts W, O'Sullivan PB, Straker LM, Burnett AF, Skouen JS. The inter-examiner reliability of a classification method for non-specific chronic low back pain patients with motor control impairment. Man Ther. 2006;11(1):28–39.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vibe Fersum K, O'Sullivan PB, Kvale A, Skouen JS. Inter-examiner reliability of a classification system for patients with non-specific low back pain. Man Ther. 2009;14(5):555–61.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dankaerts W, O’Sullivan P. The validity of O’Sullivan’s classification system (CS) for a sub-group of NS-CLBP with motor control impairment (MCI): overview of a series of studies and review of the literature. Man Ther. 2011;16(1):9–14.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dankaerts W, O'Sullivan P, Burnett A, Straker L. Differences in sitting postures are associated with nonspecific chronic low back pain disorders when patients are subclassified. Spine. 2006;31(6):698–704.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burnett AF, Cornelius MW, Dankaerts W, O'Sullivan PB. Spinal kinematics and trunk muscle activity in cyclists: a comparison between healthy controls and non-specific chronic low back pain subjects – a pilot investigation. Man Ther. 2004;9(4):211–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sahrmann S, Azevedo DC, van Dillen L. Diagnosis and treatment of movement impairment syndromes. Braz J Phys Ther. 2017;21(6):391–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Carlsson H, Rasmussen-Barr E. Clinical screening tests for assessing movement control in non-specific low-back pain. A systematic review of intra- and inter-observer reliability studies. Man Ther. 2013;18(2):103–10.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Luomajoki H, Kool J, de Bruin ED, Airaksinen O. Reliability of movement control tests in the lumbar spine. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007;8:90.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Luomajoki H, Kool J, de Bruin ED, Airaksinen O. Movement control tests of the low back; evaluation of the difference between patients with low back pain and healthy controls. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9:170.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Luomajoki H, Moseley GL. Tactile acuity and lumbopelvic motor control in patients with back pain and healthy controls. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(5):437–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vibe Fersum K, O'Sullivan P, Skouen JS, Smith A, Kvale A. Efficacy of classification-based cognitive functional therapy in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pain. 2013;17(6):916–28.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Saner J, Sieben JM, Kool J, Luomajoki H, Bastiaenen CH, de Bie RA. A tailored exercise program versus general exercise for a subgroup of patients with low back pain and movement control impairment: short-term results of a randomised controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016;20(1):189–202.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wand BM, Parkitny L, O'Connell NE, Luomajoki H, McAuley JH, Thacker M, et al. Cortical changes in chronic low back pain: current state of the art and implications for clinical practice. Man Ther. 2011;16(1):15–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Flor H, Braun C, Elbert T, Birbaumer N. Extensive reorganization of primary somatosensory cortex in chronic back pain patients. Neurosci Lett. 1997;224(1):5–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lloyd D, Findlay G, Roberts N, Nurmikko T. Differences in low back pain behavior are reflected in the cerebral response to tactile stimulation of the lower back. Spine. 2008;33(12):1372–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baliki MN, Schnitzer TJ, Bauer WR, Apkarian AV. Brain morphological signatures for chronic pain. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26010.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chiou SY, Shih YF, Chou LW, McGregor AH, Strutton PH. Impaired neural drive in patients with low back pain. Eur J Pain. 2014;18(6):794–802.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Strutton PH, Theodorou S, Catley M, McGregor AH, Davey NJ. Corticospinal excitability in patients with chronic low back pain. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2005;18(5):420–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tsao H, Galea MP, Hodges PW. Reorganization of the motor cortex is associated with postural control deficits in recurrent low back pain. Brain. 2008;131(Pt. 8):2161–71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Masse-Alarie H, Flamand VH, Moffet H, Schneider C. Corticomotor control of deep abdominal muscles in chronic low back pain and anticipatory postural adjustments. Exp Brain Res. 2012;218(1):99–109.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Masse-Alarie H, Beaulieu LD, Preuss R, Schneider C. Corticomotor control of lumbar multifidus muscles is impaired in chronic low back pain: concurrent evidence from ultrasound imaging and double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. Exp Brain Res. 2016;234(4):1033–45.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tsao H, Danneels LA, Hodges PW. ISSLS prize winner: smudging the motor brain in young adults with recurrent low back pain. Spine. 2011;36(21):1721–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moseley GL. Graded motor imagery for pathologic pain: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2006;67(12):2129–34.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moseley GL. Graded motor imagery is effective for long-standing complex regional pain syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Pain. 2004;108(1–2):192–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moseley GL, Zalucki NM, Wiech K. Tactile discrimination, but not tactile stimulation alone, reduces chronic limb pain. Pain. 2008;137(3):600–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Flor H. Phantom-limb pain: characteristics, causes, and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2002;1(3):182–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Flor H, Denke C, Schaefer M, Grusser S. Effect of sensory discrimination training on cortical reorganisation and phantom limb pain. Lancet. 2001;357(9270):1763–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moseley GL. I can't find it! Distorted body image and tactile dysfunction in patients with chronic back pain. Pain. 2008;140(1):239–43.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wand BM, Di Pietro F, George P, O'Connell NE. Tactile thresholds are preserved yet complex sensory function is impaired over the lumbar spine of chronic non-specific low back pain patients: a preliminary investigation. Physiotherapy. 2010;96(4):317–23.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bray H, Moseley GL. Disrupted working body schema of the trunk in people with back pain. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(3):168–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eldridge SM, Chan CL, Campbell MJ, Bond CM, Hopewell S, Thabane L, et al. CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials. BMJ. 2016;355:i5239.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hoffmann TC, Glasziou PP, Boutron I, Milne R, Perera R, Moher D, et al. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ. 2014;348:g1687.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stratford P, Binkley J, Solomon P, Finch E, Gill C, Moreland J. Defining the minimum level of detectable change for the Roland-Morris questionnaire. Phys Ther. 1996;76(4):359–65.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wand BM, O'Connell NE, Di Pietro F, Bulsara M. Managing chronic nonspecific low back pain with a sensorimotor retraining approach: exploratory multiple-baseline study of 3 participants. Phys Ther. 2011;91(4):535–46.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Walti P, Kool J, Luomajoki H. Short-term effect on pain and function of neurophysiological education and sensorimotor retraining compared to usual physiotherapy in patients with chronic or recurrent non-specific low back pain, a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:83.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Institute NO. Recognise back Adelaide: Noigroup; 2016 [Available from: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=au.com.appliquette.recognise.back].
Niederer D, Vogt L, Wippert PM, Puschmann AK, Pfeifer AC, Schiltenwolf M, et al. Medicine in spine exercise (MiSpEx) for nonspecific low back pain patients: study protocol for a multicentre, single-blind randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016;17(1):507.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lineberry N, Berlin JA, Mansi B, Glasser S, Berkwits M, Klem C, et al. Recommendations to improve adverse event reporting in clinical trial publications: a joint pharmaceutical industry/journal editor perspective. BMJ. 2016;355:i5078.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kelly WN, Arellano FM, Barnes J, Bergman U, Edwards IR, Fernandez AM, et al. Guidelines for submitting adverse event reports for publication. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007;16(5):581–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chiarotto A, Deyo RA, Terwee CB, Boers M, Buchbinder R, Corbin TP, et al. Core outcome domains for clinical trials in non-specific low back pain. Eur Spine J. 2015;24(6):1127–42.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
The Brief Pain Inventory User Guide [https://www.mdanderson.org/documents/Departments-and-Divisions/Symptom-Research/BPI_UserGuide.pdf]. 2009.
Radbruch L, Loick G, Kiencke P, Lindena G, Sabatowski R, Grond S, et al. Validation of the German version of the brief pain inventory. J Pain Symptom Manag. 1999;18(3):180–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Roland M, Fairbank J. The Roland-Morris disability questionnaire and the Oswestry disability questionnaire. Spine. 2000;25(24):3115–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wiesinger GF, Nuhr M, Quittan M, Ebenbichler G, Wolfl G, Fialka-Moser V. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Roland-Morris questionnaire for German-speaking patients with low back pain. Spine. 1999;24(11):1099–103.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tal A. Rückenschmerzen im Alltag bestimmen. Physiopraxis. 2009;7(07/08):46–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Mannion AF, Junge A, Fairbank JC, Dvorak J, Grob D. Development of a German version of the Oswestry disability index. Part 1: cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity. Eur Spine J. 2006;15(1):55–65.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Osthus H, Cziske R, Jacobi E. Cross-cultural adaptation of a German version of the Oswestry disability index and evaluation of its measurement properties. Spine. 2006;31(14):E448–53.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bullinger M. German translation and psychometric testing of the SF-36 health survey: preliminary results from the IQOLA project. International quality of life assessment. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(10):1359–66.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ellert U, Kurth B-M. Methodische Betrachtungen zu den Summenscores des SF-36 anhand der erwachsenen bundesdeutschen Bevölkerung. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz. 2004;47(11):1027–32.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morfeld M, Kirchberger I, Bullinger M. SF-36 Fragebogen zum Gesundheitszustand: Deutsche Version des Short Form-36 Health Survey. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 2011.
Google Scholar
Luomajoki H, Kool J, de Bruin E, Airaksinen O. Reliability of movement control tests in the lumbar spine. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007;8.
Moberg E. Two-point discrimination test. A valuable part of hand surgical rehabilitation, e.g. in tetraplegia. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1990;22(3):127–34.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Catley MJ, Tabor A, Wand BM, Moseley GL. Assessing tactile acuity in rheumatology and musculoskeletal medicine – how reliable are two-point discrimination tests at the neck, hand, back and foot? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52(8):1454–61.
Article
Google Scholar
Waddell G, Newton M, Henderson I, Somerville D, Main CJ. A fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability. Pain. 1993;52(2):157–68.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tal A. Assessment: Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) – Ein Fragebogen, der Ängste aufzeigt. Physiopraxis. 2010;8(07/08):46–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Herrmann C. International experiences with the hospital anxiety and depression scale – a review of validation data and clinical results. J Psychosom Res. 1997;42(1):17–41.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Herrmann-Lingen C, Buss U, Snaith RP. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale- Deutsche Version (HADS-D), 3. aktualisierte und neu normierte Auflage. Verlag Hans Huber: Bern; 2011.
Google Scholar
de Vet HCW, Terwee CB, Mokkink LB, Knol DL. Measurement in Medicine – a practical guide. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2011.
Book
Google Scholar
Terwee CB, Bot SD, de Boer MR, van der Windt DA, Knol DL, Dekker J, et al. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60(1):34–42.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fisher RA. Statistical methods for research workers. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd; 1925.
Google Scholar
Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
Google Scholar
Ostelo RW, Deyo RA, Stratford P, Waddell G, Croft P, Von Korff M, et al. Interpreting change scores for pain and functional status in low back pain: towards international consensus regarding minimal important change. Spine. 2008;33(1):90–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gutknecht M, Mannig A, Waldvogel A, Wand BM, Luomajoki H. The effect of motor control and tactile acuity training on patients with non-specific low back pain and movement control impairment. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2015;19(4):722–31.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chiarotto A, Ostelo RW, Boers M, Terwee CB. A systematic review highlights the need to investigate the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures for physical functioning in patients with low back pain. J Clin Epidemiol. 2018;95:73–93.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chiarotto A, Boers M, Deyo RA, Buchbinder R, Corbin TP, Costa LOP, et al. Core outcome measurement instruments for clinical trials in nonspecific low back pain. Pain. 2018;159(3):481–95.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar