Table 2 Details of the included studies according to author, year, participants, outcomes and instruments, intervention and effects found

Ribeiro et al., 2016 [15]

Case report

(n = 1)

1) Pain intensity

(VAS);

2) Quality of life (SF-36).

Duration: ten sessions. Protocol: ultrasound continuous with a frequency of 1 MHz, Infrared Laser with a dosage of 4 J and 3s per dot; TENS-burst with a pulse width of 250 us and a frequency of 2 Hz.

1) Reduction of pain measured using the VAS instrument;

2) Improved quality of life measured using the SF-36 instrument.

Oliveira and Silva [9]

Case report

(n = 1)

1) Pain intensity

(VAS);

2) Range of motion (goniometer);

3) Muscle strength (TEM);

4) Edema (perimetry);

5) Capacity functional (TC10), Quick dash12 and Lequesne Scales version in Portuguese, for the upper and lower limbs, respectively.

Duration: four weeks, one turn per week. Protocol: Kinesiotherapy classical and manual therapy.

1) Reduction of pain measured using the VAS instrument;

2) There was no improvement in range of motion measured by goniometry;

3) There was no improvement in muscle strength measured by the TEM instrument;

4) No improvement was observed in edema measured using the perimetry instrument;

5) There was an improvement in the functional capacity measured using the TC10 instrument.

Silva-Filho et al., 2018 [16]

tDCS group (n = 10) sham -tDCS group (n = 10)

1) Pain intensity (VAS; BPI);

2) Quality of life (SF-36)

Duration: Five days consecutive;

Protocol: stimulation current transcranial _ direct (tDCS) with current 2 mA constant for 20 min (30 s ramp-down); Sham - tDCS with current 2 mA constant was delivered only for 30 s (10 s ramp-up) of the 20 min

1) Reduction of pain measured using the VAS and BPI instruments;

2) Improved quality of life measured using the SF-36 instrument.

Coutinho et al., 2018 [17]

Group in phase acute / subacute (n = 59) Group in phase chronic (n = 43)

1) Pain Intensity (NPRS);

2) assessment of mobility and balance (TUG);

3) Functional capacity

(SPPB).

Duration: Five weeks; Protocol: auriculotherapy in points specific acupuncture and _

auriculotherapy sham em points no specific.

1) Pain reduction was not observed using the NPRS instrument;

2) Improvement in balance and mobility measured using the TUG instrument;

3)Improvement of functional capacity through the SPPB instrument.

Oliveira, et al., 2019 [18]

Intervention group Pilates method (n = 22) Control group (n = 20)

1) Pain intensity (VAS);

2) Quality of life (SF-36);

3) Range of motion (goniometry and flexibility test with wells bank).

Duration: 24 sessions, twice per week; Protocol: Pilates method one series of 6 to 12 repetitions; the training he was Divided in training A (22 exercises) and training B (18 exercises ).

1) Reduction of pain observed through the VAS instrument;

2) Improvement in quality of life observed through the SF-36 instrument;

3) Improvement in range of motion observed through goniometry and flexibility test.

Neumann et al., 2019 [19]

Exercise resisted (GER) (n = 15) Control (GC) (n = 16)

1) Pain intensity (VAS);

2) Quality of life (SF-36);

3) Functional capacity

(40mWT); (TSL30s); (TSD4d); (DASH);

4) perception of treatment

(PGIC).

Duration: 24 sessions twice per week;

Protocol: Resistance exercises _ elastic with intensity load moderate and progressive, evaluated through testing a repetition maximum.

1) Reduction of pain observed through the VAS instrument;

2) Improvement in quality of life observed through the SF-36 instrument;

3) Improvement of functional capacity observed through the instruments 40mWT, TSL30s, TSD4d, DASH;

4) Improvement of the perception of the patient’s treatment through the PGIC instrument.

Siqueira, et al., 2019 [20]

They were accompanied (n = 35)

1) Pain intensity (VAS);

Duration: Six sessions; Protocol: Auriculotherapy with mustard seeds and tape adhesive in

points with effect painkiller.

1) Reduction of pain observed through the VAS instrument;

Neumann et al., 2019 [21]

Exercise resisted (GER) (n = 15) and Control (GC) (n = 16)

1) Pain intensity (VAS);

2) Quality of life (SF-36);

3) Functional capacity

(TC40m; TSL30s; TSD4d; DASH);

4) perception of treatment

(PGIC).

Duration: 24 sessions to the over 12 weeks;

Protocol: exercise with resistance elastic with intensity load moderate and progressive, evaluated through testing a repetition maximum

1) Reduction of pain observed through the VAS instrument;

2) Improvement in quality of life observed through the SF-36 instrument;

3) Improvement of functional capacity observed through the instruments 40mWT, TSL30s, TSD4d, DASH;

4) Improvement of the perception of the patient’s treatment through the PGIC instrument.

Oliveira [22]

Pilates group (n = 26) one group control (n = 25)

1) Pain intensity (VAS);

2) Quality of life (SF-12);

3) Range of motion

(Goniometry)

4) Capacity functional (HAQ)

Duration: 24 sessions twice per week; Protocol: Mat Pilates Method 50 min.

1) Reduction of pain observed through the VAS instrument;

2) Improvement in quality of life observed through the SF-12 instrument;

3) Improvement in range of motion observed through goniometry;

4) Improvement of functional capacity observed through the HAQ instrument.

Silva et al., 2020 [23]

They were selected (n = 21)

(1) Peroxidation lipid; (2) Protein oxidation;

3) Antioxidant system no enzymatic

Duration: 12 training sessions, lasting 40 min;

Protocol: Exercise physicists with intensity of 50–70% of the frequency cardiac maximum

1) Improvement of lipid peroxidation processes observed through laboratory tests;

2) Improvement in protein oxidation observed through laboratory testing;

3) There was improvement in the non-enzymatic antioxidant system observed through laboratory tests.

Tenório et al., 2020 [24]

Case reports

(n = 2)

1) Pain intensity (VAS);

2) Quality of life (SF-36)

Duration: 14 sessions; Protocol: Electrothermotherapy, kinesiotherapy and manual therapy

1) Reduction of pain observed through the VAS instrument;

2) Improvement in quality of life observed through the SF-36 instrument.

Souza et al., 2021 [25]

Activate-tDCS (n = 29) sham-t DCS (n = 30)

1) Pain intensity

(VAS);

2) Capacity functional (HAQ)

Duration: 6 sessions, two weeks; Protocol: stimulation with an anode placed at M1 region and the cathode over the supraorbital region

1) Reduction of pain observed through the VAS instrument;

2) Improvement of functional capacity observed through the HAQ instrument.

Almeida et al. 2021 [26]

Sample composed by (n = 21)

1) Pain intensity

(VAS);

2) Quality of life (SF-36);

3) Range of motion and ability functional (Goniometry);

4) strength of

grip (hand dynamometry)

Duration: ten sessions; Protocol: mobilizations joints, stretching, exercises Resumen aerobic, active-resisted, active - free and resource electrothermotherapeutics

1) Reduction of pain observed through the VAS instrument;

2) Improvement in quality of life observed through the SF-36 instrument.

3) Improvement in range of motion observed through goniometry and flexibility test;

4) Increase in grip strength observed using a hand dynamometry.