Hoy D, March L, Brooks P, Blyth F, Wolf A, Bain C, et al. The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(6):968–74.
Article
Google Scholar
Kong WZ, Goel VK, Gilbertson LG, Weinstein JN. Effects of muscle dysfunction on lumbar spine mechanics: a finite element study based on a two motion segments model. Spine (PhilaPa 1976). 1996;21(19):2197–206.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kreiner S, Hwang S, Easa J, Resnick DK, Baisden J, Bess S, et al. Clinical guidelines for multidisciplinary spine care diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy. USA: North American Spine Society; 2012.
Google Scholar
Kalichman L, Carmeli E, Been E. The association between imaging parameters of the paraspinal muscles, spinal degeneration, and low back pain. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:2562957.
Article
Google Scholar
Hu ZJ, He J, Zhao FD, Fang XQ, Zhou LN, Fan SW. An assessment of the intra- and inter-reliability of the lumbar paraspinal muscle parameters using CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging. Spine. 2011;36(13):E868–74.
Article
Google Scholar
D’Aprile P, Tarantino A, Jinkins JR, Brindicci D. The value of fat saturation sequences and contrast medium administration in MRI of degenerative disease of the posterior/perispinal elements of the lumbosacral spine. Eur Radiol. 2007;17:523–31.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kumar Y, Hayashi D. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in acute spinal trauma: a pictorial review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17:310.
Article
Google Scholar
Goutallier D, Postel JM, Bernageau J, Lavau L, Voisin MC. Fatty muscle degeneration in cuff ruptures: pre- and post operative evaluation by CT scan. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;304:78–83.
Article
Google Scholar
Fuchs B, Weishaupt D, Zanetti M, Hodler J, Gerber C. Fatty degeneration of the muscles of the rotator cuff: assessment by computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999;8:599–605.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Slabaugh MA, Friel NA, Karas V, Romeo AA, Verma NN, Cole BJ. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the Goutallier classification using magnetic resonance imaging: proposal of a simplified classification system to increase reliability. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(8):1728–34.
Article
Google Scholar
Solgaard Sorensen J, Kjaer P, Jensen ST, Andersen P. Low-field magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine: reliability of qualitative evaluation of disc and muscle parameters. Acta Radiol. 2006;47(9):947–53.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Parkkola R, Kormano M. Lumbar disc and back muscle degeneration on MRI: correlation to age and body mass. J Spinal Disord. 1992;5(1):86–92.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kjaer P, Bendix T, Sorensen JS, Korsholm L, Leboeuf-Yde C. Are MRI-defined fat infiltrations in the multifidus muscles associated with low back pain? BMC Med. 2007;5:2.
Article
Google Scholar
Kader DF, Wardlaw D, Smith FW. Correlation between the MRI changes in the lumbar multifidus muscles and leg pain. Clin Radiol. 2000;55(2):145–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Min JH, Choi HS, Rhee WI, Lee JI. Association between radiculopathy and lumbar multifidus atrophy in magnetic resonance imaging. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2013;26(29):175-181 175.
Article
Google Scholar
Kalichman L, Klindukhov A, Li L, Linov L. Indices of paraspinal muscles degeneration: reliability and association with facet joint osteoarthritis: feasibility study. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2016;29(9):465–70.
Google Scholar
Fortin M, Gibbons LE, Videman T, Battie MC. Do variations in paraspinal muscle morphology and composition predict low back pain in men? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25:880–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Faur C, Patrascu JM, Haragus H, Anglitoiu B. Correlation between multifidus fatty atrophy and lumbar disc degeneration in low back pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(1):414.
Article
Google Scholar
Fortin M, Videman T, Gibbons LE, Battie MC. Paraspinal muscle morphology and composition: a 15-yr longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46:893–901.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hebert JJ, Kjaer P, Fritz JM, Walker BF. The relationship of lumbar multifidus muscle morphology to previous, current, and future low back pain: a 9-year population-based prospective cohort study. Spine. 2014;39(17):1417–25.
Article
Google Scholar
Niemela ̈inen R, Briand MM, Battie ́ MC. Substantial asymmetry in paraspinal muscle cross-sectional area in healthy adults questions its value as a marker of low back pain and pathology. Spine. 2011;36(25):2152–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Chan ST, Fung PK, Ng NY, Ngan TL, Chong MY, Tang CN, et al. Dynamic changes of elasticity, cross-sectional area, and fat infiltration of multifidus at different postures in men with chronic low back pain. Spine J. 2012;12(5):381–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Fortin M, Macedo L. Multifidus and paraspinal muscle group cross-sectional areas of patients with low back pain and control patients: a systematic review with a focus on blinding. Phys Ther. 2013;93(7):873–88.
Article
Google Scholar
Hoppe S, Maurer D, Valenzuela W, Benneker LM, Bigdon SF, Häckel S, et al. 3D analysis of fatty infiltration of the paravertebral lumbar muscles using T2 images-a new approach. Eur Spine J. 2021;30(9):2570–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Parkkola R, Rytokoski U, Kormano M. Magnetic resonance imaging of the discs and trunk muscles in patients with chronic low back pain and healthy control subjects. Spine. 1993;18(7):830–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Battaglia PJ, Maeda Y, Welk A, Hough B, Kettner N. Reliability of the Goutallier classification in quantifying muscle fatty degeneration in the lumbar multifidus using magnetic resonance imaging. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2014;37(3):190–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Kidde J, Marcus R, Dibble L, Smith S, LaStayo P. Regional muscle and whole body composition factors related to an older individual’s level of mobility: a review. Physiother Can. 2009;61(4):197–209.
Article
Google Scholar
Hodges P, Holm AK, Hansson T, Sten H. Rapid atrophy of the lumbar multifidus follows experimental disc or nerve root injury. Spine (PhilaPa 1976). 2006;31(25):2926–33.
Article
Google Scholar
Colakoglu B, Alis D. Evaluation of lumbar multifidus muscle in patients with lumbar disc herniation: are complex quantitative MRI measurements needed? J Int Med Res. 2019;47(8):3590–600.
Article
Google Scholar
Fortin M, Lazáry A, Varga PP, McCall I, Battié MC. Paraspinal muscle asymmetry and fat infiltration in patients with symptomatic disc herniation. Eur Spine J. 2016;25(5):1452–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Mengiardi B, Schmid MR, Boos N, et al. Fat content of lumbar paraspinal muscles in patients with chronic low back pain and in asymptomatic volunteers: quantification with MR spectroscopy. Radiology. 2006;240(3):786–92.
Article
Google Scholar
Hides J, Gilmore C, Stanton W, Bohlscheid E. Multifidus size and symmetry among chronic LBP and healthy asymptomatic subjects. Man Ther. 2008;13(1):43–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Suri P, Fry AL, Gellhorn AC. Do muscle characteristics on lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography predict future low back pain, physical function, or performance? A systematic review. PM R. 2015;7(12):1269–81.
Article
Google Scholar
Ranger TA, Cicuttini FM, Jensen TS, Peiris WL, Hussain SM, Fairley J, et al. Are the size and composition of the paraspinal muscles associated with low back pain? A systematic review. Spine J. 2017;17(11):1729–48.
Article
Google Scholar