Table 1 Demonstrates the baseline characteristic of primary studies
First Author | Pub. year | study country, continent | study design | sample size | Prevalence% (95%CI) | Data Collection year | data collection methods | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ash, D etal [44] | 2002 | United Kingdom, Europe | Cross-sectional | 144 | 56(47.9,64.1) | 1998 to 2000 | document review | 7 |
Brienza,D., et al. [38] | 2017 | United States, North America | cohort | 104 | 37.5(28.2,46.8) | 2008–2012 | observation and examination | 7 |
Chopra,T.,et al. [53] | 2016 | United States, North America | Cross-sectional | 201 | 38(31.3,44.7) | January 2004 and December 2008 | document review | 7 |
DeJong, G., et al. [39] | 2014 | United states, north America | Cohort | 159 | 13.1(7.8,18.3) | NA | Document review | 7 |
Eslami V et al. [20] | 2012 | Iran, Asia | Cross-sectional | 7489 | 34.6(33.5,35.7) | June 2007 to June 2009 | physical examination | 9 |
Fazel FS, etal [28] | 2018 | Iran,Asia | cohort | 580 | 28.1(24.4,31.7) | June 2013 to December 2015 | Observation and examination | 8 |
Garber, S.L., et al. [40] | 2000 | United states, North America | Cohort | 118 | 31(22.2,39.3) | NA | Interview and exam | 8 |
Haisma, J.A., et al. [45] | 2007 | Netherlands,Europe | cohort | 212 | 36(29.5,42.5) | May 2000 and September 2003 | Self-report | 8 |
Idowu, O., et al. [22] | 2011 | Nigeria,Africa | cohort | 105 | 45.9(36.4,55.4) | 1 October 2004 and 30November 2006 | Skin examination | 8 |
Iyun A.O. etal [7] | 2012 | Nigeria, Africa | cohort | 67 | 47.7(35.7,59.7) | January 2003 to June 2004 | Self-report and documentation | 7 |
Joseph, C. and L.N. Wikmar [24] | 2015 | south Africa,Africa | cohort | 141 | 29.8(22.2,37.4) | 15 September 2013 to 14 September 2014 | observation and examination | 8 |
Kovindha, A. et al. [49] | 2015 | Thailand, Asia | Cross-sectional | 129 | 26.4(18.8,34) | 1 January 2013 to 31December 2013 | Self-report | 7 |
Krishnan,S., et al. [41] | 2017 | United States, North America | Cross-sectional | 3098 | 20.3(18.9,21.7) | 1993 to 2006 | document review | 8 |
Li,C., et al. [6] | 2016 | United States,North America | Cross-sectional | 350 | 11(7.6,14.4) | August 2011 to February 2014 | Self-report | 8 |
Löfvenmark I et al. [52] | 2016 | Botswana,Africa | cohort | 38 | 48(32.1,63.9) | 1February 2011 to 31January 2013 | Skin examination | 8 |
Raghavan, P., et al., [46] | 2003 | United kingdom, Europe | Cross-sectional | 472 | 23(19.2,26.8) | NA | Observation and exam | 7 |
Richard-Denis, A., et al. [42] | 2016 | Canada,North America | Cohort | 123 | 33.3(24.9,41.6) | January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011 | Document review | 7 |
Saunders et al. [43] | 2013 | United States, North America | Cross-sectional | 2549 | 19.9(18,21.7) | NA | mail-in survey | 9 |
Scheel-Sailer, A., et al. [47] | 2013 | Switzerland,Europe | cohort | 185 | 25.4(19.1,31.7) | 1 September 2009 to 28February 2010 | observation and examination | 7 |
Sheerin, F. etal [48] | 2005 | Ireland, Europe | Cross-sectional | 82 | 37(26.5,47.4) | December 2000 to December 2002 | document review | 7 |
Taghipoor, K.D., et al. [51] | 2009 | Iran, Asia | Cross-sectional | 3791 | 39.1(37.5,40.6) | NA | Document review | 7 |
Tchvaloon,E., et al. [50] | 2007 | Israel, Asia | cohort | 143 | 26.6(19.4,33.8) | 1962 and 2004 | document review | 7 |
van der Wielen H et al. [18] | 2016 | Switzerland,Europe | cohort | 185 | 50(42.8,57.2) | September 2009 to February 2010 | observation | 7 |
Verschueren J et al. [23] | 2011 | Netherlands, Europe | cohort | 193 | 36.5(29.7,43.3) | NA | observation and examination | 8 |