Topical cutaneous application of carbon dioxide via a hydrogel for improved fracture repair: results of phase I clinical safety trial

Table 10 Increase in blood flow promoted by the CO₂ therapy in the contra–lateral non-fractured limb of patients

Measuring site	Treatment day	Mean (range) [95%CI]	p-value
Fracture level	1	1.220 (0.875–1.533) [1.140–1.300]	< 0.0001
	14	1.431 (0.831–2.139) [1.262–1.600]	< 0.0001
	28	1.493 (0.941–2.429) [1.311–1.675]	< 0.0001
5 cm from the fracture level	1	1.204 (0.438–1.611) [1.068–1.339]	0.009
	14	1.396 (0.669–2.079) [1.228–1.564]	< 0.001
	28	1.335 (0.236–2.962) [1.071–1.599]	0.011

Blood flow increase is demonstrated by the ratio of blood flow measured after 20 min of CO₂ therapy to that at pre-treatment. Number of patients = 19. p-value: calculated using Wilcoxon signed rank test with a null hypothesis that the population mean of the blood flow ratio is 1

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