Topical cutaneous application of carbon dioxide via a hydrogel for improved fracture repair: results of phase I clinical safety trial

Table 1 Patients’ baseline characteristics

Patient ID	Age range	Sex	BMI	Fresh fracture or Nonunion	Affected bone	Fracture level	Smoking	Comorbidities	Days from surgery to CO₂ therapy	Follow-up (months)
11,001	50–59	M	28.7	Nonunion	Femur	32	Current	Previous infection	9	48
11,002	60–69	F	22.4	Nonunion	Femur	31		RA, AFF	10	48
11,003	40–49	M	25.7	Fresh fracture	Tibia	41	Current		11	26
11,004	40–49	M	30.1	Fresh fracture	Tibia	41	Current	Gustilo type II open fracture	10	24
11,005	60–69	F	23.1	Fresh fracture	Tibia	41		RA, Adult Still’s disease, HT, HL	11	9
11,006	20–29	M	25.5	Nonunion	Tibia	43	Current		7	33
11,007	40–49	F	18.8	Nonunion	Femur	32 + 33			6	46
11,008	20–29	M	27.3	Nonunion	Femur	32	Current		7	17
11,009	70–79	F	29.4	Fresh fracture	Tibia	33		Graves’ disease, HT	12	15
11,010	20–29	M	23.6	Nonunion	Tibia	42	Current		9	31
11,011	40–49	M	27.4	Fresh fracture	Tibia	41	Current		7	24
11,012	40–49	M	23.8	Nonunion	Tibia	43	Current		9	42
11,013	30–39	M	24.9	Fresh fracture	Tibia	41	Previous		9	36
11,014	60–69	M	24.8	Fresh fracture	Femur	32	Previous	DM, HT	12	14
11,015	40–49	F	25.3	Fresh fracture	Tibia	44	Current	Uterus myoma, Ovarian tumor	6	12
11,016	40–49	M	22	Nonunion	Tibia	42	Current		9	36
11,017	50–59	M	27.9	Nonunion	Femur	32	Current	Duodenum ulcer, Depression	6	15
11,018	60–69	F	25	Nonunion	Tibia	32	Current	RA, HT	7	24
11,019	50–59	M	29.2	Nonunion	Femur	31			2	24
11,020	50–59	M	26.4	Nonunion	Femur	32	Current		2	25

M male, F female, BMI body mass index, RA rheumatoid arthritis, AFF atypical femoral fracture, HT hypertension, HL hyperlipidemia, DM diabetes mellitus
Fracture level was coded with the AO/OTA classification. AO: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen, OTA: Orthopaedic Trauma Association
Smoking: A current smoker is a patient who smoked at the time of initiation of the treatment at the author’s institute. They were advised to quit smoking in order to be treated at the author’s institute. Previous smoker means a patient who quit smoking at least 1 year prior to the initiation of the treatment at the author’s institute
Days from surgery to CO₂ therapy: Days from surgery to initiation of the CO₂ therapy
Follow-up (months): Months from initiation of the CO₂ therapy to the most recent outpatient clinic visit

ISSN: 1471-2474