| Exercise group | Control group | Comparison | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean Difference (95% CI) | P-value | |
KOOS changes from baseline | ||||
 Pain | 8.5 (2.5) | −2.2 (2.5) | 10.7 (3.3, 18.1) | 0.006 |
 Symptoms | 3.7 (3.1) | −0.9 (3.0) | 4.6 (−4.3, 13.6) | 0.298 |
 Function in Daily Living | 6.9 (3.0) | 0.1 (2.9) | 6.7 (−2.3, 15.8) | 0.140 |
 Knee-Related Quality of Life | 6.2 (3.7) | −2.2 (3.5) | 8.4 (−2.3, 19.0) | 0.118 |
 Function in Sports and Recreation | 9.2 (5.8) | −1.0 (5.6) | 10.3 (−6.7, 27.2) | 0.245 |
DCE-MRI perfusion variables changes from baseline | ||||
 Total Muscle VOI | ||||
  Nvoxel% | 2.6 (2.3) | −5.2 (2.3) | 7.7 (1.0, 14.5) | 0.026 |
  IRExNvoxel | − 51.6 (27.8) | − 154.6 (27.0) | 103.0 (22.1, 183.9) | 0.014 |
  IRExNvoxel% | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.13 (0.02) | 0.1 (0.03, 0.17) | 0.008 |
  MExNvoxel | 1409.8 (3749.7) | − 10,032.9 (3632.9) | 11,443.0 (− 531.4, 22,354.0) | 0.041 |
  MExNvoxel% | 2.3 (3.1) | −8.3 (3.0) | 10.6 (1.7, 19.4) | 0.021 |
 Extensor VOI | ||||
  Nvoxel% | 0.3 (3.2) | −7.1 (3.1) | 7.4 (−1.9, 16.6) | 0.114 |
  IRExNvoxel | −19.1(11.9) | −58.6 (11.6) | 39.6 (5.1, 74.1) | 0.026 |
  IRExNvoxel% | −0.03 (0.04) | −0.21 (0.04) | 0.18 (0.06, 0.3) | 0.005 |
  MExNvoxel | − 1093.6 (1364.8) | − 3532.2 (1323.2) | 2438.6 (− 1.491.4, 6368.6) | 0.215 |
  MExNvoxel% | −0.4 (4.6) | −12.0 (4.5) | 11.6 (− 1.8, 25.0) | 0.087 |
 Flexor VOI | ||||
  Nvoxel% | 3.2 (2.2) | −5.2 (2.1) | 8.5 (2.2, 14.8) | 0.010 |
  IRExNvoxel | −31.8 (18.6) | − 96.5 (18.0) | 64.6 (10.4, 118.8) | 0.021 |
  IRExNvoxel% | −0.03 (0.02) | − 0.11(0.02) | 0.08 (0.02, 0.14) | 0.015 |
  MExNvoxel | 3247.0 (2861.0) | − 7200.6 (2770.1) | 10,448 (2039.6, 18,856.0) | 0.017 |
  MExNvoxel% | 3.2 (2.8) | −8.0 (2.7) | 11.1 (3.0, 19.3) | 0.009 |
Physical function changes from baseline | ||||
 Muscle strength Knee extension, Nm | ||||
  0°/s | −1.0 (4.3) | 4.9 (4.1) | −5.8 (− 18.7, 7.0) | 0.355 |
  60°/s | −5.2 (3.0) | 1.0 (2.9) | −6.2 (−15.0, 2.6) | 0.161 |
  120°/s | −5.3 (2.8) | −2.5 (2.7) | −2.8 (−11.1, 5.5) | 0.488 |
  180°/s | − 2.7 (2.8) | −1.3 (2.7) | −1.4 (−9.8, 7.0) | 0.728 |
 Muscle strength knee flexion, Nm | ||||
  0°/s | 5.1 (3.0) | 2.2 (2.9) | 3.0 (−6.2, 12.1) | 0.502 |
  60°/s | 1.2 (2.4) | 2.5 (2.3) | −1.3 (−8.5, 5.9) | 0.708 |
  120°/s | −0.02 (1.8) | 4.0 (1.8) | −4.0 (−9.4, 1.4) | 0.146 |
  180°/s | −0.6 (2.0) | 2.3 (2.0) | −2.9 (−9.1, 3.2) | 0.336 |
 6-min walk distance, m | 39.8 (13.7) | 1.3 (12.8) | 38.4 (−0.76, 77.6) | 0.054 |