Table 1 Description of studies included in the systematic review
Authors | Participants | n (nmale) | Age | Scanner | Coil | T1ρ Sequence (resolution) | TSL (ms)/SL Frequency (Hz) | T2 Sequence (resolution) | TR/TE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amano et al. (2016)c | Control | 19 (13) | 31±5 | 3T GE | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | Sag 3D MAPSS (0.3×0.3×1.5) | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | Sag 3D MAPSS (0.3×0.3×1.5) | 4000/0, 13, 26, 51 |
ACL injured | 51 (29) | 29±9 | |||||||
van der Heijden et al. (2016)c | Control | 70 (29) | 23±6 | 3T GE | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | 3D FSE (0.5×0.8×3.0) [3 slices/SR] | 1, 16, 32, 64, 125/500 | 3D FSE (0.5×0.8×3.0) [3 slices/SR] | 1263/3, 13, 27, 40, 68 |
PFP | 64 (35) | 23±7 | |||||||
Apprich et al. (2010)bc | ICRS Grade 0 | 14 (N/A) | 37±8 | 3T Siemens | 8-Ch Knee Array | -- | -- | Ax 2D MESE (0.4×0.4×3.0) | 1200/14, 28, 41, 55, 69, 83 |
ICRS Grade 1 | 5 (N/A) | 37±8 | |||||||
Apprich et al. (2012)bc | ICRS Grade 0 | 11 (N/A) | 30±9 | 3T Siemens | 8-Ch Knee Array | -- | -- | Ax 2D MESE (0.2×0.2×2.0) | 1200/14, 28, 41, 55, 69, 83 |
ICRS Grade 1 | 10 (N/A) | 30±9 | |||||||
Bae et al. (2015)bc | Uninjured Knee | 10 (7) | 34±8 | 3T Siemens | Siemens 8-Ch Tx/Rx | -- | -- | 2D ME-FSE (0.5×0.5×3.0) [3 slices/SR] | 1700/11, 21, 32, 42, 53, 64, 74, 85, 95, 106 |
ACLR Knee | 10 (7) | 34±8 | |||||||
Baum et al. (2012)ac | OAI Healthy | 42 (21) | 50±3 | 3T Siemens | Siemens 15-Ch Tx/Rx | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.3×0.4×3.0) | 2700/10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 |
OAI Incidence | 42 (21) | 50±3 | |||||||
Baum et al. (2013)ac | OAI Healthy | 36 (11) | 50±3 | 3T Siemens | Siemens 15-Ch Tx/Rx | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.3×0.4×3.0) | 2700/10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 |
OAI Incidence | 78 (33) | 51±3 | |||||||
Baum et al. (2012)ac | OAI Healthy | 41 (15) | 51±3 | 3T Siemens | Siemens 15-Ch Tx/Rx | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.3×0.4×3.0) | 2700/10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 |
OAI Incidence | 101 (50) | 51±3 | |||||||
Möstrom et al. (2015)c | Healthy Control | 16 (9) | 22±2 | 1.5T Philips | N/R | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.5×0.5×3.0) | 2000/9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72 |
Patellar Dislocation | 16 (9) | 22±2 | |||||||
Bining et al. (2009)c | Healthy Control | 60 (N/A) | 38±14 | 1.5T GE | Signa HD Tx/Rx | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.6×0.6×4.0) | 1000/8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64 |
Cartilage Lesions | 24 (N/A) | 45±17 | |||||||
Bolbos et al. (2008)c | Healthy Control | 15 (11) | 30±9 | 3T GE | Tx/Rx Quadrature Knee | Sag 3D SPGR (0.5×0.7×3.0) | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | -- | -- |
ACL Rupture | 16 (11) | 33±6 | |||||||
Farrokhi et al. (2011)bc | Healthy Control | 10 (0) | 27±4 | 3T GE | GE 8-Ch Knee | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.4×0.8×4.0) [3 slices/SR] | 1800/20, 40, 60, 80 |
PFP | 10 (0) | 28±4 | |||||||
Gheno et al. (2016)c | Healthy Control | 27 (22) | 28±4 | 3T Philips | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.3×0.3×3.0) | 3100/15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 |
ACLR | 27 (22) | 29±5 | |||||||
Van Ginckel et al. (2013) | Healthy Control | 15 (8) | 27±3 | 3T Siemens | 8-Ch Knee | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.4×0.4×3.0) | 1000/14 28, 41, 55, 69 |
ACLR | 15 (8) | 27±1 | |||||||
Gupta et al. (2014)c | Healthy Control | 10 (8) | 35±6 | 3T GE | Tx/Rx Quadrature Knee | Sag 3D SPGR (0.5×1.1×4.0) [3 slices/SR] | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | -- | -- |
ACL Injury | 10 (5) | 39±6 | |||||||
Haughom et al. (2012)c | Healthy Control | 11 (4) | 33±9 | 3T GE | 8-Ch Tx/Rx | Sag 3D SPGR (0.3×0.6×1.5) | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | -- | -- |
ACLR | 11 (4) | 33±9 | |||||||
Hovis et al. (2011)ac | OAI Healthy | 33 (8) | 50±3 | 3T Siemens | N/R | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.3×0.4×3.0) | 2700/10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 |
OAI Incidence | 128 (57) | 51±3 | |||||||
Joseph et al. (2011)ac | OAI Healthy | 53 (17) | 50±3 | 3T Siemens | N/R | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.3×0.4×3.0) | 2700/10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 |
OAI Incidence | 93 (42) | 51±3 | |||||||
Kai et al. (2011) c | Healthy Control | 143 (72) | 40±13 | 1.5T Siemens | Signa HD 8-Ch Tx/Rx | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.6×0.6×4.0) | 1000/8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64 |
Meniscal Lesions | 57 (27) | 41±13 | |||||||
Kang et al. (2016)c | Healthy Control | 53 (15) | 16±2 | 1.5T GE | N/R | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.5×0.9×4.0) | 1500/9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90, 99 |
PF Instability | 53 (15) | 16±2 | |||||||
Lansdown et al. (2015)bc | Healthy Control | 10 (4) | 31±5 | 3T GE | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | Sag 3D MAPSS (0.6×0.6×3.0) | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | -- | -- |
ACLR | 20 (8) | 32±8 | |||||||
Lau et al. (2016)c | Healthy Control | 6 (3) | 29 | 3T GE | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | 2D FSE (0.3×0.6×1.5) | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | -- | -- |
PFP | 10 (2) | 32 | |||||||
Liebl et al. (2015)a | OAI Healthy | 80 (30) | 58±8 | 3T Siemens | USA Instruments Tx/Rx | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.3×0.4×3.0) | 2700/10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 |
OAI Incidence | 50 (22) | 60±8 | |||||||
H. Li et al. (2013)c | Healthy Control | 15 (15) | 27±5 | 3T Siemens | N/R | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.4×0.4×3.0) [5 slices/SR] | 1523/14, 28, 41, 55, 69 |
ACLR | 30 (30) | 29±5 | |||||||
X. Li et al. (2011)ac | Healthy Control | 10 (7) | 34 | 3T GE | Quadrature Tx/Rx | Sag 3D SPGR (0.5×1.1×2.5) | 20, 40. 60, 80/500 | Sag 2D MESE (0.5×1.1×2.5) | 2000/7, 12, 28, 60 |
ACL Injured | 12 (7) | 34 | |||||||
Matsubara et al. (2015)c | Healthy Control | 19 (19) | 39±7 | 3T Philips | 8-Ch Tx/Rx | Sag 2D FFE (0.4×0.4×3.0) [3 slices/SR] | 1, 20, 40, 60, 80/500 | -- | -- |
Meniscal Tear | 22 (15) | 57±14 | |||||||
Mosher et al. (2004) | 18-30 y.o. Healthy | 8 (0) | 25±1 | 3T Bruker | Doty Scientific Litz | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.5×0.5×3.0) | 1500/9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90, 99, 108 |
66-86 y.o. Healthy | 7 (0) | 75±7 | |||||||
Okazaki et al. (2015)c | Healthy Control | 6 (N/A) | 32±2 | 3T Philips | 8-Ch Tx/Rx | Sag 2D SPGR (0.4×0.4×3.0) [4 slices/SR] | 1, 20, 40, 60, 80/500 | -- | -- |
PCL Deficient | 6 (N/A) | 17±6 | |||||||
Osaki et al. (2015)c | Healthy Control | 14 (14) | 37±6 | 3T Philips | 8-Ch Tx/Rx | Sag 2D SPGR (0.4×0.4×3.0) [3 slices/SR] | 1, 20, 40, 60, 80/500 | -- | -- |
ACL Injured | 49 (30) | 25±9 | |||||||
Palmieri-Smith et al. (2016) | Healthy Control | 11 (5) | 20±5 | 3T Philips | N/R | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.5×0.5×2.0) | 1000/8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64 |
ACL Injured | 11 (5) | 19±6 | |||||||
Pedoia et al. (2015)c | Healthy Control | 15 (N/A) | 32±5 | 3T GE | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | Sag 3D MAPSS (0.5×1.1×4.0) | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | -- | -- |
ACL Injured | 40 (N/A) | 30±8 | |||||||
Pedoia et al. (2016)c | Healthy Control | 10 (5) | 32±4 | 3T GE | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | Sag 3D MAPSS (0.5×1.1×4.0) | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | -- | -- |
ACL Injured | 52 (21) | 28±12 | |||||||
Pedoia et al. (2017)c | Healthy Control | 15 (10) | 31±5 | 3T GE | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | Sag 3D MAPSS (0.5×1.1×4.0) | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | Sag 3D MAPSS (0.5×1.1×4.0) | 4000/0, 14, 27, 55 |
ACL Injured | 40 (25) | 30±8 | |||||||
Rehnitz et al. (2014)c | Healthy Control | 10 (N/A) | 25 | 3T Siemens | Siemens 15-Ch Tx/Rx | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.4×0.4×3.0) [3 slices/SR] | 1940/12, 24, 35, 47, 59, 71, 83, 94, 106, 118, 130, 142, 153 |
Cartilage Lesions | 40 (N/A) | 47 | |||||||
Russell et al. (2017)c | Healthy Control | 15 (6) | 57±9 | 3T GE | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | Sag 2D SPGR (0.5×1.1×4.0) | 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20, 40, 80/500 | Sag 2D MESE (0.5×1.1×4.0) | 4000/0, 2, 4, 7, 15, 29, 44, 58 |
Cartilage Lesions | 15 (6) | 56±8 | |||||||
Sauerschnig et al. (2014)c | Neutral | 12 (4) | 25±2 | 1.5T Siemens | Medical Advances 8-Ch | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.4×0.5×1.0) | 1690/10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 |
Varus Alignment | 12 (10) | 26±1 | |||||||
ACLR | 40 (26) | 35±8 | |||||||
Snoj et al. (2016)bc | Healthy Controls | 20 (11) | 33±7 | 3T Siemens | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.4×0.4×3.0) [2 slices/SR] | 1000/14, 28, 41, 55, 69, 83 |
ACLR | 40 (26) | 35±8 | |||||||
Subhawong et al. (2014)c | Healthy Control | 28 (17) | 31±10 | 3T Siemens | N/R | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (N/A) [1 slice/SR] | 1650/13, 26, 39, 52, 65, 77 |
PFP | 22 (8) | 34±13 | |||||||
Su et al. (2013)c | Healthy Control | 16 (8) | 33 | 3T GE | Clinical MR Solutions Tx/Rx Quadrature | Cor 3D SPGR (0.5×0.7×4.0) | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | Sag 3D SPGR (0.5×0.7×4.0) | 2000/4, 15, 25, 46 |
ACL Injured | 15 (7) | 35 | |||||||
Su et al. (2016)c | Healthy Control | 54 (31) | 30±8 | 3T GE | Clinical MR Solutions Tx/Rx Quadrature | Cor 3D SPGR (0.5×0.7×4.0) | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | Sag 3D SPGR (0.5×0.7×4.0) | 2000/4, 15, 25, 46 |
ACL Injured | 54 31(31) | 30±8 | |||||||
Theologis et al. (2014)bc | Healthy Control | 18 (8) | 38±8 | 3T GE | Clinical MR Solutions Tx/Rx Quadrature | Sag 3D SPGR (0.5×0.7×4.0) | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | -- | -- |
ACLR | 18 (8) | 38±8 | |||||||
Thuiller et al. (2013)c | Healthy Control | 10 (4) | 31±3 | 3T GE | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | 2D FSE (0.3×0.6×1.5) | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | -- | -- |
PFP | 20 (10) | 31±5 | |||||||
Wirth et al. (2016)ac | Healthy Control | 89 (36) | 55±8 | 3T Siemens | Siemens 15-Ch Tx/Rx | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.3×0.3×3.0) | 2700/10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 |
Risk for OA | 28 (14) | 61±9 | |||||||
Witschey et al. (2010) | Healthy Controls | 9 (2) | N/R | 1.5T Siemens | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | 3D GRE (0.5×0.6×0.5) | -- | -- | -- |
Cartilage Lesions | 6 (3) | N/R | |||||||
Xu et al. (2011) | Healthy Controls | 30 (18) | 25 | 3T Philips | SENSE 8-Ch | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.5×0.3×3.0) | 2400/15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 |
Cartilage Injury | 42 (25) | 37 | |||||||
Zaid et al. (2015)bc | Healthy Controls | 25 (12) | 28±7 | 3T GE | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | Sag 3D SPGR (0.5×1.1×4.0) | -- | -- | -- |
ACLR | 25 (12) | 28±7 | |||||||
Kim et al. (2018)bc | Healthy Control | 10 (7) | 34±8 | 3T Siemens | Siemens 8-Ch | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.5×0.5×3.0) [2 slices/SR] | 1700/11, 21, 32, 42, 53, 64, 72, 85, 95, 106 |
ACLR | 10 (7) | 34±8 | |||||||
Kogan et al. (2018)c | Healthy Control | 15 (10) | 33±11 | 3T GE | NeoCoil 16-Ch Tx/Rx Flex | -- | -- | 3D DESS (0.5×0.5×1.5) | 24.6/5.8, 43.4 |
ACL Injured | 15 (10) | 33±11 | |||||||
Mostrom et al. (2017)c | Healthy Control | 17 (5) | 25±3 | 1.5T Philips | N/R | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.5×0.5×3.0) | 2000/9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72 |
PF Instability | 17 (5) | 25±3 | |||||||
Pfeiffer et al. (2017)abc | Healthy Control | 21 (11) | 24±3 | 3T Siemens | Siemens XR 80/200 Gradient Coil | 3D FLASH (1.8×0.9×3.0) | 0, 10, 20, 30, 40/500 | -- | -- |
ACLR | 21 (11) | 24±3 | |||||||
Pietrosimone et al. (2017)bc | Healthy Control | 18 (8) | 22±4 | 3T Siemens | Siemens 4-Ch Flex Coil | 3D FLASH (0.6×1.3×3.0) | 0, 10, 20, 30, 40/500 | -- | -- |
ACLR | 18 (8) | 22±4 | |||||||
Tao et al. (2018)c | Healthy Control | 23 (7) | 29±8 | 3T Siemens | Siemens 8-Ch Tx/Rx | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.4×0.4×3.0) | 1523/13.8, 27.6, 41.4, 55.2, 69.0 |
ACL Rupture | 23 (5) | 32±10 | |||||||
Teng et al. (2017)c | Healthy Control | 12 (8) | 32±6 | 3T GE | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | Sag 3D MAPSS (0.5×1.1×4.0) | 0, 10, 40, 80/500 | Sag 3D MAPSS (0.5×1.1×4.0) | 0, 14, 27, 55 |
ACL Rupture | 33 (20) | 31±9 | |||||||
Wang et al. (2018)c | Healthy Control | 9 (4) | 26±5 | 3T Siemens | Siemens 8-Ch | -- | -- | Sag 2D MESE (0.4×0.4×3.0) [3/5/10 slices/SR] | 1200/14, 28, 41, 55, 69 |
ACLR | 28 (17) | 30±6 | |||||||
Collins et al. (2018)b | Normal BMI | 8 (5) | 30 | 3T Siemens | Invivo 8-Ch Tx/Rx | Sag 3D FISP (1.1×0.5×3.0) | 3500/5, 10, 40, 80/500 | -- | -- |
Obese BMI | 7 (3) | 32 |