Table 6 Clinical outcomes. Mean (SD) unless otherwise stated

Average pain VAS

LSM

4.8 (1.9)

2.9 (1.4)

2.1 (2.2)

−1.2 (− 3.4, 1.1)

0.43

UP

4.8 (2.1)

3.0 (2.8)

2.4 (2.6)

TSK

LSM

40.8 (6.6)

34.7 (6.2)

31.3 (8.8)

− 4.3 (− 10.9, 2.3)

0.51

UP

38.3 (7.1)

34.1 (8.6)

31.6 (6.3)

PCS

LSM

22.0 (13.8)

16.0 (10.5)

12.6 (9.1)

− 4.0 (− 14.8, 6.8)

0.29

UP

20.0 (9.4)

16.6 (13.5)

14.1 (10.4)

GSES

LSM

30.6 (3.2)

29.9 (3.4)

32.3 (2.4)

1.8 (− 1.0, 4.6)

0.53

UP

31.6 (3.5)

31.2 (3.5)

31.8 (3.2)

EQ-5D-5 L*

LSM

0.65 (0.53–0.73)

0.75 (0.54–0.82)

0.74 (0.64–0.92)

UP

0.71 (0.62–0.79)

0.80 (0.69–1.00)

0.84 (0.73–0.87)

Health VAS

LSM

60.9 (18.4)

67.8 (16.0)

64.4 (26.4)

8.5 (− 8.1, 25.2)

0.51

UP

72.1 (19.4)

80.6 (17.0)

79.8 (17.4)

Sport Participation*

LSM

3.0 (1.0–5.0)

2.0 (1.5–4.0)

3.0 (2.0–6.0)

UP

2.0 (0.0–4.0)

3.5 (2.0–4.3)

3.5 (2.0–5.0)

GROC

LSM

44.4% (4 / 9)

55.6% (5 / 9)

UP

38.9% (7 / 18)

56.3% (9 / 16)

GROC**

LSM

100% (9 / 9)

77.8% (7 / 9)

UP

77.8% (14 / 18)

87.5% (14 / 16)