Melton LJ: Adverse outcomes of osteoporotic fractures in the general population. J Bone Miner Res. 2003, 18: 1139-1141.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hansen LB, Vondracek SF: Prevention and treatment of nonpostmenopausal osteoporosis. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2004, 61: 2637-54.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cummings SR, Melton LJ: Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures. Lancet. 2002, 359: 1761-67. 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08657-9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Randell A, Sambrook PN, Nguyen TV, Lapsley H, Jones G, Kelly PJ, Eisman JA: Direct clinical and welfare costs of osteoporotic fractures in elderly men and women. Osteoporos Int. 1995, 5: 427-432. 10.1007/BF01626603.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marshall D, Johnell O, Wedel H: Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. BMJ. 1996, 312: 1254-59.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Melton LJ, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Wahner HW, Riggs BL: Long term fracture risk prediction by bone mineral density assessed at different skeletal sites. J Bone Miner Res. 1993, 8: 1227-33.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nguyen TV, Sambrook PN, Kelly PJ, Jones G, Lord S, Freund J, Eisman J: Prediction of osteoporotic fractures by postural instability and bone density. BMJ. 1993, 307: 1111-15.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT, Anderson JJ: Effects of weight and body mass index on bone mineral density in men and women: the Framingham study. J Bone Miner Res. 1993, 8: 567-73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nguyen TV, Center JR, Eisman JA: Osteoporosis in elderly men and women: effects of dietary calcium, physical activity, and body mass index. J Bone Miner Res. 2000, 15: 322-31.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nguyen TV, Center JR, Eisman JA: Osteoporosis: underrated, underdiagnosed and undertreated. Med J Aust. 2004, 180 (5 Suppl): S18-22.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gerdhem P, Obrant KJ: Effects of cigarette smoking on bone mass as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasound. Osteoporos Int. 2002, 13: 932-36. 10.1007/s001980200130.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ward KD, Klesges RC: A meta-analysis of the effects of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density. Calcif Tissue Int. 2001, 68: 259-70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jones G, Scott FS: A cross-sectional study of smoking and bone mineral density in premenopausal parous women: effect of body mass index, breastfeeding, and sports participation. J Bone Miner Res. 1999, 14: 1628-633.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maddah M, Eshraghian MR, Djazayery A, Mirdamadi R: Association of body mass index with educational level in Iranian men and women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003, 57: 819-23. 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601615.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mirmiran P, Mohammadi F, Sarbazi N, Allahverdian S, Azizi F: Gender differences in dietary intakes, anthropometrical measurements and biochemical indices in an urban adult population: the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2003, 13: 64-71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Doheny M, Sedlak C: Osteoporosis Preventive Behavior Survey, Kent State University, 1995. 2000
Google Scholar
National Food Authority: The Supplement to NOTTAB95M. 1995, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service
Google Scholar
World Health Organization: Preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of the WHO consultation on obesity. 1998, Geneva, WHO
Google Scholar
World Health Organization: Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report 843. 1994, Geneva: World Health Organization
Google Scholar
SAS Institute: SAS/STAT: User's Guides. 1990, SAS Institute, Cary, NC
Google Scholar
SPSS Inc: SPSS for Windows, Release 11.0.0. 2001, Chicago: IL: SPSS, Inc
Google Scholar
Jones G, Nguyen T, Sambrook P, Kelly PJ, Eisman JA: Progressive loss of bone in the femoral neck in elderly people: longitudinal findings from the Dubbo osteoporosis epidemiology study. BMJ. 1994, 17:309 (6956): 691-695.
Article
Google Scholar
Nguyen TV, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA: Bone loss, physical activity, and weight change in elderly women: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. J Bone Miner Res. 1998, 13: 1458-67.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ahmadi J, Khalili H, Jooybar R, Namazi N, Mohammadagaei P: Prevalence of cigarette smoking in Iran. Psychol Rep. 2001, 89: 339-41.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rassouli A, Milanian I, Moslemi-Zadeh M: Determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (3) levels in early postmenopausal Iranian women: relationship with bone mineral density. Bone. 2001, 29: 428-30. 10.1016/S8756-3282(01)00591-9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Looker AC, Orwoll ES, Johnston CC, Lindsay RL, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Calvo MS, Harris TB, Heyse SP: Prevalence of low femoral bone density in older U.S. adults from NHANES III. J Bone Miner Res. 1997, 12: 1761-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Iki M, Kagamimori S, Kagawa Y, Matsuzaki T, Yoneshima H, Marumo F: Bone mineral density of the spine, hip and distal forearm in representative samples of the Japanese female population: Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Study. Osteoporos Int. 2001, 12: 529-37. 10.1007/s001980170073.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wu XP, Liao EY, Huang G, Dai RC, Zhang H: A comparison study of the reference curves of bone mineral density at different skeletal sites in native Chinese, Japanese, and American Caucasian women. Calcif Tissue Int. 2003, 73: 122-32. 10.1007/s00223-002-1069-7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Limpaphayom KK, Taechakraichana N, Jaisamrarn U, Bunyavejchevin S, Chaikittisilpa S, Poshyachinda M, Taechamahachai C, Havanond P, Onthuam Y, Lumbiganon P, Kamolratanakul P: Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Thai women. Menopause. 2001, 8: 65-9. 10.1097/00042192-200101000-00011.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar