Low urine pH and acid excretion do not predict bone fractures or the loss of bone mineral density: a prospective cohort study

Table 5 Multiple linear regression analysis results: Urine pH and acid excretion associations with change of BMD*

Bone Site:		Unadjusted estimate	p-value	Adjusted estimate	p-value
Urine pH:
Femoral Neck	Coefficient: 95% confidence interval: aR² :	0.0034 -0.0004 to 0.0073 0.003	0.08	0.0018 -0.0025 to 0.0062 0.086	0.41
Total hip	Coefficient: 95% confidence interval: aR² :	0.0012 -0.0027 to 0.0051 0.001	0.54	0.0020 -0.0020 to 0.0066 0.096	0.29
Lumbar Spine	Coefficient: 95% confidence interval: aR² :	0.0053 -0.0052 to 0.0111 0.003	0.07	0.0022 -0.0044 to 0.0089 0.026	0.51
Urine Acid excretion:
Femoral Neck	Coefficient: 95% confidence interval: aR² :	-0.0001 -0.0002 to -0.00002 0.0062	0.026	-0.0001 -0.0002 to 0.00001 0.088	0.19
Total hip	Coefficient: 95% confidence interval: aR² :	-0.0001 -0.0002 to 0.00005 0.001	0.26	-0.0001 -0.0002 to 0.0001 0.099	0.46
Lumbar Spine	Coefficient: 95% confidence interval: aR² :	-0.0002 -0.0003 to -0.00001 0.005	0.041	-0.00002 -0.0002 to 0.0002 0.026	0.84

*The following variables were included in the adjusted models to control for confounding: age, gender, family history of osteoporosis, body mass index (BMI), change in BMI, estrogen status, physical activity, calcium intake, vitamin D status, smoking, kidney disease, urine creatinine, thiazide diuretics, bisphosphonate use and baseline BMD.

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