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Table 2 EMG measurements, kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters

From: Effects on gait kinematics, pedobarography, functional and subjective results after isolated chopart injury

Parameter

 

Group (mean ± SD)

t Test p values

  

healthy

injured

 

Gastroc. Lat. (% SMVC)

Mean

34.23 ± 20.88

36.65 ± 22.92

0.773

Gastroc Med. (% SMVC)

Mean

40.72 ± 22.69

49.32 ± 27.08

0.371

Soleus (% SMVC)

Mean

34.37 ± 24.12

31.08 ± 16.53

0.677

Tib. Ant. (% SMVC)

Mean

30.46 ± 22.48

32.66 ± 19.03

0.782

Stance phase (%)

 

62.48 ± 2.87

62.10 ± 1.72

0.676

Swing phase. (%)

 

37.52 ± 2.87

37.90 ± 1.72

0.676

Loading response (%)

 

12.30 ± 1.81

11.85 ± 2.64

0.607

Step length (cm)

 

70.28 ± 7.09

67.31 ± 7.93

0.306

Step time (ms)

 

556.96 ± 38.64

564.45 ± 33.27

0.588

 

Min

-15,15 ± 4,37

-14,33 ± 4,01

0,610

Hip Flexion (°)

Max

33,49 ± 5,73

32,50 ± 5,77

0,651

 

ROM

48,64 ± 5,63

46,83 ± 6,92

0,454

 

Min

-9,49 ± 3,03

-9,90 ± 3,39

0,742

Hip Abduction (°)

Max

7,96 ± 4,08

5,56 ± 3,40

0,103

 

ROM

17,45 ± 4,87

15,45 ± 4,30

0,261

 

Min

-5,41 ± 3,43

-7,96 ± 2,42

0,032*

Hip Rotation (°)

Max

10,01 ± 5,27

6,30 ± 4,17

0,049*

 

ROM

15,42 ± 4,32

14,26 ± 4,65

0,500

 

Min

-13,71 ± 5,06

-12,65 ± 6,78

0,644

Ankle Dorsiflexion (°)

Max

13,80 ± 6,09

13,54 ± 6,63

0,913

 

ROM

27,51 ± 6,52

26,18 ± 6,86

0,605

 

Min

-9,06 ± 3,74

-10,76 ± 6,56

0,409

Ankle Inversion (°)

Max

19,45 ± 7,92

12,51 ± 14,11

0,121

 

ROM

28,51 ± 9,33

23,27 ± 14,57

0,267

 

Min

-13,94 ± 6,98

-8,33 ± 5,89

0,030*

Ankle Abduction (°)

Max

7,18 ± 4,51

7,38 ± 2,30

0,882

 

ROM

21,12 ± 6,23

15,71 ± 6,29

0,031*

 

Min

-0,79 ± 5,08

-0,34 ± 4,21

0,800

Knee Flexion (°)

Max

64,43 ± 5,99

62,14 ± 7,87

0,394

 

ROM

65,22 ± 5,66

62,47 ± 7,53

0,286

 

Min

-5,58 ± 2,83

-6,33 ± 2,55

0,464

Knee Rotation (°)

Max

10,13 ± 4,95

9,91 ± 3,96

0,898

 

ROM

15,71 ± 4,67

16,25 ± 3,56

0,735

 

Min

-5,98 ± 4,47

-3,96 ± 3,99

0,218

Knee Abduction (°)

Max

6,76 ± 4,16

8,54 ± 7,35

0,436

 

ROM

12,74 ± 4,46

12,50 ± 5,81

0,906

  1. * statistically significant. All EMG and kinematic values are for the whole gait cycle
  2. Hip Flexion: positive values are flexion, negative values are extension; Hip Abduction: positive values are abduction, negative values are adduction; Hip rotation: positive values are external rotation, negative values are internal rotation
  3. Knee Flexion: positive values are flexion, negative values are extension; Knee Abduction: positive values are abduction, negative values are adduction; Knee rotation: positive values are external rotation, negative values are internal rotation
  4. Ankle Dorsiflexion: positive values are dorsiflexion, negative values plantarflexion; Ankle Abduction: positive values are abduction, negative values are adduction; Ankle Inversion: positive values are inversion, negative values are eversion