Table 4 Flap outcomes and complications

Numbers of patients

15

18

Numbers of flaps

18

20

Follow-up period (months): mean ± SD (range)

31 ± 24 (4–86)

24 ± 21 (3–64)

0.37

Coverage failure (rate)

4 (22%)

1 (5%)

0.17

Postoperative complications^a

No complications

3

9

0.35

Grade I

2

1

Grade II

1

0

Grade IIIa

4

3

Grade IIIb

8

7

Flap-related early complications (< 3 weeks)

14

8

0.03

Complete necrosis (rate)

2 (11%)

1 (5%)

0.59

Partial necrosis (rate)

7 (39%)

2 (10%)

0.06

Arterial thrombosis

0

1

1.00

Venous congestion (rate)

13 (72%)

2 (10%)

 <  0.001

Postoperative infection

2

7

0.13

Flap-related delayed complications (> 3 weeks)

5

1

0.08

Delayed osteomyelitis

4

0

0.04

Non-union

3

1^b

0.22

Additional treatment until wound healing

14

12

0.31

Secondary closure

5

4

0.71

Debridement

3

5

0.70

Implant removal or change

2

1

1.00

Skin graft

1

3

0.61

Leech therapy

2

0

0.22

Secondary flap

4 (free ALT)

1 (free LD)

0.17

Additional surgery after wound healing

9

8

0.74

Implant removal

5

2

0.39

VBG for bone reconstruction

4

1

0.33

Bone graft

0

3

0.10

Arthrodesis

0

2

0.49

Defatting

0^c

1

1.00

Tendon reconstruction

1

1

1.00

Patient mobility

0.4 ± 0.5

0.3 ± 0.6^d

0.47