Table 1 Summary of two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses

T1D

Summary-level for T1D [27],

N = 5913 cases diagnosed before the age of 17 years and N = 8828 controls

FN-BMD and LS-BMD

Summary-level FN-BMD

and LS-BMD [30],

FN (N = 32,735), LS (N = 28,498)

TB-BMD

Summary-level for TB-BMD [31],

(N = 66,628)

T2D

Summary-level for T2D [28],

N = 265,678 cases

Heel-BMD and Fracture

Summary-level heel-BMD [32],

(N = 426,824)

Summary-level fracture [32],

(N = 416,795)

HbA1c

Summary-level for HbA1c [29],

N = 46,368 cases