Table 2 The specific details of the interventions
Study (Author, year) | Exercise group | Control group |
|---|---|---|
Birch et al. (2020) [15] | EG: CBT + UC CBT: Psychologists and physiotherapists conducted approximately six face-to-face sessions, each lasting around 45 min. There were two sessions before and four sessions after the surgery (1–2 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks post-surgery) | CG: UC UC: During hospitalization, patients receive regular rehabilitation guidance and care. Nurses, physiotherapists, and the operating surgeon provide rehabilitation guidance during four follow-up visits (1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks postoperatively) |
Buvanendran et al. (2017) [16] | EG: CBT CBT: Four CBT sessions were conducted via telehealth by researchers within one week before the operation | CG: UC UC: The patients receive usual care before the surgery, as well as regular guidance on rehabilitation exercises postoperatively |
Sun et al. (2020) [17] | EG: CBT + UC Psychologists conducted a total of six face-to-face meetings, with each session lasting approximately 30 min. Three meetings took place prior to the surgery (2–3 days before, 1 week before, and 2 weeks before), and the other three meetings occurred post-surgery (2 days, 5–7 days, and 2 weeks postoperatively) | CG: UC UC: Patients receive usual care, and upon admission, nurses provide standard education. Prior to the surgery, there is communication between the surgeon, physiotherapists, and anesthesiologist with the patient regarding the surgical procedure, anesthesia, and postoperative rehabilitation |
Cai et al. (2017) [14] | EG: CBT + UC CBT: During the postoperative hospitalization period, a team consisting of doctors, psychologists, rehabilitation therapists, and nurses conducts face-to-face sessions with the patient twice a day, lasting approximately 30–40 min each | CG: UC UC: During the postoperative hospitalization period, patients receive routine nursing interventions such as health education and rehabilitation guidance |
Chen et al. (2021) [12] | EG: CBT + UC CBT: During the hospitalization period, doctors and nurses (trained by psychologists and physiotherapists) conducted five face-to-face sessions (on admission, 1 day before surgery, 2–3 days post-surgery, 4–5 days post-surgery, and the day before discharge) | CG: UC UC: During the hospitalization period, routine nursing care was provided following standard nursing protocols |
Cai et al. (2018) [11] | EG: CBT + UC CBT: During the hospitalization period, physiotherapists and psychologists provide four face-to-face meetings, each lasting approximately 40 min (1–2 days, 2–4 days, and 3–4 days postoperatively) | CG: UC UC: During the hospitalization period, routine postoperative rehabilitation guidance and care are provided. After discharge, there will be biweekly contact with a physiotherapist for rehabilitation exercise guidance |
Qian et al. (2023) [18] | EG: CBT + UC CBT: From the first day postoperatively until discharge, the intervention team consisting of doctors, nurses, and physiotherapists conducts CBT intervention meetings twice daily, with each meeting lasting 20–30 min | CG: UC UC: Patients receive routine postoperative care and functional rehabilitation guidance |