Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included studies
Study (Author, year) | Country | Study type | Simple size (N) | Gender (M/F, N) | Age (years, Mean ± SD) | Educational level (N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Birch et al. (2020) [15] | Denmark | RCT | EG: 31 CG: 29 | EG: 9/22 CG: 11/18 | EG: 66 ± 9 CG: 66 ± 10 | EG: < 3 years:18 ≥ 3 year:13 CG: < 3 years:14 ≥ 3 year:15 |
Buvanendran et al. (2017) [16] | US | RCT | EG: 40 CG: 37 | EG: 14/26 CG: 12/25 | EG: 64.7 ± 8.9 CG: 63.3 ± 13.3 | NM |
Sun et al. (2020) [17] | China | RCT | EG: 42 CG: 38 | EG: 23/19 CG: 17/21 | EG: 57.8 ± 8.7 CG: 60.2 ± 8.2 | EG: < 6 years: 40 > 6 years:2 CG: < 6 years:36 > 6 years:2 |
Cai et al. (2017) [14] | China | RCT | EG: 54 CG: 54 | EG: 23/31 CG: 20/34 | EG: 62.42 ± 6.59 CG: 63.94 ± 6.58 | EG: ≤ 9 years: 24 > 9 years: 30 CG: ≤ 9 years:27 > 9 years:27 |
Chen et al. (2021) [12] | China | RCT | EG: 42 CG: 41 | EG: 11/31 CG: 13/28 | ≥ 70 | EG: ≤ 5 years: 40 > 5 years:2 CG: ≤ 5 years: 38 > 5 years:3 |
Cai et al. (2018) [11] | China | RCT | EG: 50 CG: 50 | EG: 18/32 CG: 20/30 | EG: 65.26 ± 8.30 CG: 66.18 ± 7.04 | EG: ≤ 6 years:10 > 6 years: 40 CG: ≤ 6 years:16 > 6 years:34 |
Qian et al. (2023) [18] | China | RCT | EG: 51 CG: 49 | EG: 20/31 CG: 17/32 | EG: 58.35 ± 5.40 CG: 58.31 ± 5.37 | NM |