Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics (N = 22)

Age (mean ± SD) (years) (range)

68.59 ± 9.74 (61–87)

Gender (n) (%)

 Male

8 (36.4%)

 Female

14 (63.6%)

BMI (mean ± SD) (range)

24.66 ± 3.52; 21–30

Smoking history

9 (40.9%)

Bone quality^a

 Normal

2 (9.1%)

 Osteopenia

3 (13.6%)

 Osteoporosis

17 (77.3%)

Chronic comorbidity (n) (%)

 Hypertension

6 (27.3%)

 diabetes mellitus

4 (18.2%)

 cerebral infarction

2 (9.1%)

 cardiac insufficiency

3 (13.6%)

 COPD

1 (4.5%)

 Asthma

1 (4.5%)

Fractured segment (n) (%)

 L3

4 (18.2%)

 L4

6 (27.3%)

 L5

12 (54.5%)

Type of fracture (n) (%)

 A1

15 (68.2%)

 A2

3 (13.6%)

 A3

4 (18.2%)

Fracture characteristics^b(n) (%)

 SEP

6 (27.3%)

 IEP

11 (50.0%)

 SEP + IEP

5 (22.7%)

 canal encroachment

4 (18.2%)

 Kummel disease

2 (9.1%)

Preexisting degeneration (n) (%)

 LDH

2 (9.1%)

 foraminal stenosis

7 (31.8%)

 canal stenosis

3 (13.6%)

 Total

12 (54.5%)

Anti-osteoporotic therapy (n) (%)

 Denosumab

15 (68.2%)

 Zoledronic Acid

7 (31.8%)

 Duration (mean ± SD) (month)

14.96 ± 2.33