Table 4 Study & participant characteristics
Author, date, country | Study design | Sample (N =) | Mean age (years) | Sex (% Female) | Diagnostic Criteria | Intervention | Comparator | Time frames | Primary outcome measure | Secondary outcome measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bolton et al. (2018) UK [3] | Prospective cohort | 127 | 63.5 | 90% | None. Based on the diagnosis of the referring clinician | Ultra-sound guided corticosteroid injections to trochanteric bursa | N/A | Pre-procedure, 6Â weeks, 6Â months, and 12Â months | NRS pain scoring at rest and with activity | Health- Related Quality of Life |
Cohen et al. USA [13] | Multi centre double blind randomised controlled study | 65 | 55.2 | 86.50% | Three months history of insidious onset lateral hip pain. Tender to palpate and one of: pain at maximal hip rotation, abduction or adduction. Pain with forced hip abduction and pseudo-radicular pain down lateral thigh | Fluoroscopically guided trochanteric corticosteroid injections (CSI) | Landmark- guided (blind) cortico-steroid injections (CSI) | Pre-procedure and 1Â month post- procedure. 3Â months if positive outcome after 1Â month | NRS pain at rest and with activity in the last week | SF-36, Oswestry disability index, reduction in drug use, global perceived effect, and a composite successful outcome |
Farmer et al. USA [19] | Retrospective cohort | 25 | Not reported | Not reported | Pain over GT with tenderness on palpation | Landmark-guided corticosteroid injection (CSI) | N/A | No comments on the timing of measurements | Resolution of pain (rating of change) | Harris hip score (HHS), leg length discrepancy, offset of hip, time to injection, number of injections |
Jarlborg et al. Switzerland [33] | Secondary analysis of Double blinded placebo controlled randomised trial | 44 | 58.9 | 83.10% | One month history of lateral hip pain with tenderness on palpation. Pain score over 4 and not improving with conservative management | Ultrasound guided Glucocorticoid injection and local anaesthetic | Placebo injection | Baseline, 30Â min, daily for 1Â week, weekly for 1Â month, 3Â months and 6Â months | Pain NRS for the previous 24Â h period | Oswestry and WOMAC |
Mao et al. USA [42] | Retrospective cohort | 140 | 58.2 | 89.20% | None. Based on the diagnosis of the referring clinician | Fluoroscopically-guided trochanteric corticosteroid injections | N/A | Pre-procedure, immediately post- procedure and 1Â week post procedure | VAS score (unspecifieda) | Nil |
McEvoy et al. USA [43] | Retrospective cohort | 65 | 53 | 86% | Not specific. Clinical diagnosis of GTPS based on the diagnosis of the referring clinician and not improving with conservative management | Ultrasound-guided trochanteric corticosteroid injections | N/A | Pre-procedure, Evening after injection, day 1,2,3,7 and 14 | VAS score (unspecifieda) | Nil |
Mitchell et al. USA [46] | Randomised controlled study | 40 (30 included in analysis) | 50.4 | 96.50% | Lateral hip pain when walking or at night when side lying, tenderness on palpation, VAS over 5, not improved with conservative management, no tears of Gluteal or other tendons around the hip on USS | Ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection (CSI) | Landmark-guided CSI | Baseline, during procedure, 2Â weeks & 6Â months | VAS score (unspecifieda) | Therapeutic duration, time-to-next intervention, and costs |
Park et al. Rep of Korea [54] | Retrospective cohort | 137 | 65.4 | 78% | Over three month history of lateral hip pain with tenderness on palpation. No improvement with conservative management | Ultrasound-guided trochanteric bursa injection | N/A | Pre-procedure, 1Â month, 3Â months and 6Â months | Verbal Numeric Pain Scale (VNPS) (unspecifieda) Harris Hip Score (HHS) | Nil |