Table 4 Assessment of immobilization effectiveness of a orthosis [10]
Assessment Item | Assessment contents and grading standard | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
excellent-3 | good-2 | acceptable-1 | poor-0 | |
Stability of Immobilization | No loss of reduction | Slight shift but no need for re-manipulation | Reinforced same cast | Loss of reduction requiring further procedure |
Blood circulation | Good terminal circulation with a florid complexion | Venous obstruction relief after physical movement or arm lifting | Pale skin, low temperature of the arm | Significant ischaemia of involved limb, compartment syndrome |
Wear-pressure-related pain | No pain | Slight pain with a minor influence on sleep | Mild pain causedpoor-quality sleep | Severe pain caused difficulty falling asleep |
Pressure sores | No abnormality of the skin | Non-blanchable erythema of the intact skin | Skin breakdown or bleeding blister | Full thickness skin loss |