Fig. 1

Radiographic measurements of angle parameters in coronal and axial planes. Two circles (blue) tangent to the lateral cortex of the femoral shaft and neck were drawn in each plane. The lines connecting the center points of two circles were the centerlines (red) of the femoral shaft and neck. The perpendicular lines of the centerlines were also red. The fracture lines were labeled as washed blue. A. Indirect measurement method of MPA and VNA. B. Direct measurement method of MPA and VNA. C. Measurement method of AMA