Table 1 Material properties, mesh type and elements type of the lumbar spine model
Components | Young’s modulus (MPa) | Cross‐section area (mm2) | Poisson’s ratio | Element type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cortical bone | 12000 | – | 0.3 | C3D10 |
Cancellous bone | 100 | – | 0.2 | C3D10 |
Posterior element | 3500 | – | 0.25 | C3D10 |
Bone endplate | 500 | – | 0.25 | C3D10 |
AF (substrate) | 4.2 | – | 0.45 | C3D10 |
AF (outer layer) | 550 | – | 0.3 | C3D10 |
AF (intermediate layer) | 454 | – | 0.3 | C3D10 |
AF (inner layer) | 357 | – | 0.3 | C3D10 |
Nucleus pulposus | 1.0 | – | 0.49 | C3D10 |
Anterior longitudinal ligament | 7.8 | 63.7 | 0.3 | T3D2 |
Posterior longitudinal ligament | 10.0 | 20 | 0.3 | T3D2 |
Ligamentum flavum | 15.0 | 40 | 0.3 | T3D2 |
Interspinous ligament | 10.0 | 40.0 | 0.3 | T3D2 |
Supraspinal ligament | 8.0 | 30 | 0.3 | T3D2 |
Intertransverse ligaments | 10.0 | 1.8 | 0.3 | T3D2 |
TINA/lateral plate | 110000 | – | 0.3 | C3D10 |
Cage(PEEK) | 3900 | – | 0.4 | C3D10 |