Table 3 The list of bais charateristics of inserting Meta-analysis
Literature included | Nation | Sample size (T/C) | Sex(M/F) | years since diagnosis (mean ± SD) | Age (years, mean ± SD) | Experimental group | Control group | Outcome indicator | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | C | T | C | Content | Frequency (per week, min/times) | Duration (per week) | Content | |||||
Zhao 2016 [21] | China | 22/22 | T(0/22);C(2/20) | 22.27 ± 9.24 | 30.18 ± 20.27 | 48.95 ± 9.24 | 53.41 ± 11.01 | Baduanjin | 7,30 | 12 | Regular exercise | ①③④ |
Zhang 2019 [22] | China | 21/21 | Unclear | 16.71 ± 7.84 | 15.33 ± 5.94 | 56.19 ± 10.88 | 52.90 ± 10.57 | Wuqinxi | 7, 30–40 | 12 | Regular exercise | ①②⑤ |
Xia 2018 [23] | China | 21/16 | T(4/17);C(3/13) | 15.33 ± 5.94 | 16.81 ± 7.85 | 52.90 ± 10.57 | 56.19 ± 10.88 | Wuqinxi | 7, 30–40 | 12 | Regular exercise | ①②⑤ |
Sun 2022 [24] | China | 73/31 | T(3/28);C(11/62) | 36(18–48) | 21(6.5–48) | 55(46–62) | 53(39–58) | Baduanjin | 7,30 | 12 | Regular exercise | ①②③④ |
Qiu 2011 [25] | China | 19/20 | T(3/16);C(3/17) | 11.16 ± 6.01 | 10.15 ± 5.11 | 45.84 ± 8.06 | 44.35 ± 9.40 | Yijinjing | 12, 60 | 12 | Regular exercise | ①②⑤ |
Wong,A 2018 [26] | America | 17/14 | T(0/17);C(0/14) | 8 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 51 ± 2 | 51 ± 2 | Taiji | 3, 55 | 12 | Regular exercise | ② |
Wang,C 2010 [27] | America | 33/33 | T(5/28);C(4/29) | 11.8 ± 6.9 | 10.0 ± 7.2 | 49.7 ± 11.8 | 50.5 ± 10.5 | Taiji | 7, 20 | 24 | Regular exercise | ①②④⑧ |
Sarmento,C.V.M 2020 [28] | America | 10/10 | T(0/10);C(0/10) | 12.5 ± 4.7 | 12.6 ± 5.0 | 42.6 ± 10.7 | 56.1 ± 12.3 | Qigong | 14, 25 | 10 | Regular exercise | ②④⑦ |
Maddali Bongi,S 2016 [29] | Italy | 22/22 | Unclear | 4.33 ± 4.03 | 2.36 ± 1.36 | 50.36 ± 13.68 | 54.30 ± 10.65 | Taiji | 2, 60 | 16 | Regular exercise | ①④⑨ |
Lynch,M 2012 [30] | Canada | 53/47 | T(3/50);C(1/46) | 9.67 ± 6.87 | 9.62 ± 7.56 | 52.81 ± 8.91 | 52.13 ± 8.56 | Qigong | 7, 45–60 | 24 | Regular exercise | ①④ |
Jones,K.D 2012 [31] | America | 51/47 | T(46/5);C(43/4) | 17 | 19 | 53.3 | 54.8 | Taiji | 2, 90 | 12 | Regular exercise | ①④ |
Hammond,A.2006 [32] | England | 71/62 | T(8/63);C(5/57) | 2.68 ± 2.80 | 2.77 ± 2.95 | 48.36 ± 10.91 | 48.73 ± 10.95 | Taiji | 1, 45 | 10 | Regular exercise | ① |
Haak,T 2008 [33] | Sweden | 29/28 | T(0/29);C(0/28) | 15.9 ± 9.5 | 14.9 ± 7.5 | 54.0 ± 9.4 | 53.4 ± 8.0 | Qigong | 14, 40 | 7 | Regular exercise | ③⑥ |
Astin,J.A 2003 [34] | America | 32/33 | Unclear | 4.89 ± 4.15 | 5.22 ± 7.31 | 40 | 40 | Qigong | 1150 | 8 | Regular exercise | ① |
Segura-Jimenez,V 2014 [35] | Spain | 28/28 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | 52 ± 6.6 | 51.7 ± 6.4 | Taiji | 3, 60 | 24 | Regular exercise | ② |