Fig. 3

(A). The arthroscope is viewed from the posterior approach, and the operator stabilizes the 3D printed guide with finger assistance to ensure proper placement of the guide. The arrow indicates 3D printed guide plate. (B) An auxiliary incision of about 4 cm was made anteriorly to the shoulder joint, and the subscapularis muscle was retracted through the rotator interval to expose the anterior bony surface of the glenoid. Under direct vision, the 3D-printed prosthesis was implanted after ensuring that the guide plate was in the correct position. The arrow indicates 3D printed titanium alloy pad. GL, glenoid; HH, humeral head