Adaptive Force of hamstring muscles is reduced in patients with knee osteoarthritis compared to asymptomatic controls

Table 5 Pairwise comparisons of torque parameters within each measured side of OA patients and controls

Torque parameters	Mean difference	Standard error	95% CI lower border	95% CI upper border	Significance p	Cohen’s d
ART1
MVICpre vs. MVICpost	0.06	0.03	-0.03	0.15	0.338	-
MVICpre vs. AF_max	0.14	0.04	0.02	0.26	0.014	0.444
MVICpre vs. AFiso_max	0.36	0.06	0.19	0.53	< 0.001	1.190
AF_max vs. AFiso_max	0.22	0.04	0.10	0.35	< 0.001	0.758
ART2
MVICpre vs. MVICpost	0.04	0.03	-0.01	0.09	0.191	-
MVICpre vs. AF_max	0.15	0.03	0.06	0.24	0.001	0.425
MVICpre vs. AFiso_max	0.37	0.05	0.21	0.52	< 0.001	1.085
AF_max vs. AFiso_max	0.22	0.05	0.08	0.36	0.001	0.639
CON1
MVICpre vs. MVICpost	0.11	0.03	0.03	0.20	0.008	0.526
MVICpre vs. AF_max	0.17	0.03	0.08	0.26	< 0.001	0.835
MVICpre vs. AFiso_max	0.59	0.05	0.43	0.75	< 0.001	2.609
AF_max vs. AFiso_max	0.42	0.04	0.29	0.55	< 0.001	1.924
CON2
MVICpre vs. MVICpost	0.05	0.03	-0.04	0.14	0.696	-
MVICpre vs. AF_max	0.07	0.03	-0.01	0.15	0.107	-
MVICpre vs. AFiso_max	0.32	0.05	0.19	0.46	< 0.001	1.075
AF_max vs. AFiso_max	0.25	0.03	0.16	0.35	< 0.001	0.872

Bonferroni post-hoc tests of RM ANOVA within the groups ART1, ART2, CON1 and CON2 comparing the normalized torque parameters MVICpre, MVICpost, AF_max and AFiso_max (Nm/kg). Given are the mean differences and standard errors, the lower and upper borders of 95% confidence intervals (CI), significances p and effect sizes Cohen’s d in case of significance
Parameters: AFiso_max = max. isometric Adaptive Force; AF_max = max. AF; MVICpre = max. voluntary isometric contraction before AF trials; MVICpost = MVIC after AF trials. Groups: ART1 = less affected/asymptomatic side of patients (1st measured, n = 18), ART2 = more affected side of patients (2nd-measured, n = 20), CON1 = 1st-measured side of controls (n = 18), CON2 = 2nd-measured side of controls (n = 15). Significant values are displayed in bold

ISSN: 1471-2474