Adaptive Force of hamstring muscles is reduced in patients with knee osteoarthritis compared to asymptomatic controls

Schaefer, Laura V; Dech, Silas; Carnarius, Friederike; Rönnert, Florian; Bittmann, Frank N; Becker, Roland

doi:10.1186/s12891-023-07133-y

Table 4 Pairwise comparisons of torque parameters between and within groups

From: Adaptive Force of hamstring muscles is reduced in patients with knee osteoarthritis compared to asymptomatic controls

Dependent variable	Mean difference	Standard error	95% CI lower border	95% CI upper border	Significance p	Cohen’s d
ART2 vs. CON2
MVICpre (Nm/kg)	− 0.38	0.09	− 6.34	− 0.122	0.001	− 1.080
MVICpost (Nm/kg)	− 0.37	0.09	− 0.60	− 1.34	0.001	− 1.122
AF_max (Nm/kg)	− 0.45	0.10	− 0.71	− 0.20	< 0.001	− 1.318
AFiso_max (Nm/kg)	− 0.39	0.10	− 0.65	− 0.12	0.001	− 1.199
AFiso_max/AF_max	− 0.05	0.06	− 0.21	0.12	0.879	-
AFiso_max/MVICpre	− 0.14	0.06	− 0.31	0.04	0.168	-
AF_max/MVICpre	− 0.11	0.04	− 0.23	0.00	0.062	-
AF_max/ROM (Nm/kg/°)	− 0.07	0.02	− 0.12	− 0.03	< 0.001	− 1.433
ART1 vs. CON1
MVICpre (Nm/kg)	− 0.42	0.10	− 0.68	− 0.15	0.001	− 1.495
MVICpost (Nm/kg)	− 0.36	0.09	− 0.60	− 0.12	0.001	− 1.504
AF_max (Nm/kg)	− 0.39	0.10	− 0.64	− 0.13	0.001	− 1.499
AFiso_max (Nm/kg)	− 0.19	0.10	− 0.45	0.07	0.219	-
AFiso_max/AF_max	0.08	0.06	− 0.07	0.24	0.511	-
AFiso_max/MVICpre	0.06	0.06	− 0.11	0.23	0.789	-
AF_max/MVICpre	− 0.02	0.04	− 0.14	0.09	0.957	-
AF_max/ROM (Nm/kg/°)	− 0.04	0.02	− 0.08	0.01	0.139	-
ART2 vs. ART1
MVICpre (Nm/kg)	− 0.01	0.10	− 0.26	0.25	1.000	-
MVICpost (Nm/kg)	0.01	0.09	− 0.22	0.24	0.999	-
AF_max (Nm/kg)	− 0.01	0.09	− 0.26	0.24	0.999	-
AFiso_max (Nm/kg)	− 0.11	0.09	− 0.26	0.24	0.999	-
AFiso_max/AF_max	0.01	0.06	− 0.15	0.16	0.999	-
AFiso_max/MVICpre	− 0.02	0.06	− 0.18	0.14	0.992	-
AF_max/MVICpre	− 0.02	0.04	− 0.14	0.09	0.964	-
AF_max/ROM (Nm/kg/°)	− 0.01	0.02	− 0.05	0.03	0.954	-
CON2 vs. CON1
MVICpre (Nm/kg)	− 0.05	0.10	− 0.31	0.22	0.969	-
MVICpost (Nm/kg)	0.02	0.09	− 0.22	0.26	0.997	-
AF_max (Nm/kg)	0.05	0.10	− 0.20	− 0.31	0.945	-
AFiso_max (Nm/kg)	0.19	0.10	− 0.08	0.46	0.267	-
AFiso_max/AF_max	0.14	0.06	− 0.03	0.30	0.146	-
AFiso_max/MVICpre	0.18	0.07	0.00	0.35	0.047	− 1.154
AF_max/MVICpre	0.07	0.05	− 0.05	0.19	0.428	-
AF_max/ROM (Nm/kg/°)	0.03	0.02	− 0.01	0.07	0.300	-

Tukey’s HSD post-hoc tests between the groups ART2 vs. CON2, ART1 vs. CON1, ART2 vs. ART1 and CON2 vs. CON1 comparing the normalized torque parameters MVICpre, MVICpost, AF_max and AFiso_max (Nm/kg), their ratios as well as the torque development per degree of yielding (AF_max/ROM; Nm/kg/°). Given are the mean differences between ART and CON (ART minus CON) as well as between 2nd and 1st measured side for within group comparisons (2nd minus 1st side), their standard errors, lower and upper borders of 95% confidence intervals (CI) as well as the significances p and effect sizes Cohen’s d in case of significance
Parameters: AFiso_max = max. isometric Adaptive Force; AF_max = max. AF; MVICpre = max. voluntary contraction before AF trials; MVICpost = MVIC after AF trials. ROM = range of motion (angle difference from start to AF_max). Groups: ART1 = less affected/ asymptomatic side of patients (1st-measured, n = 18), ART2 = more affected side of patients (2nd-measured, n = 20), CON1 = 1st-measured side of controls (n = 18), CON2 = 2nd-measured side of controls (n = 15). Significant values are displayed in bold

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