Table 1 Characteristics of study participants
Variable | LOS ≤ 13 N = 1720 | LOS > 13 N = 481 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Cr mean (SD)a | 66.93 (31.64) | 65.11 (45.13) | 0.01 |
Gender n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Female | 1237 (71.92%) | 307 (63.83%) | |
Male | 483 (28.08%) | 174 (36.17%) | |
AGE n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
< 60 | 248 (14.42%) | 47 (9.77%) | |
≥ 60, < 65 | 218 (12.67%) | 36 (7.48%) | |
≥ 65, < 70 | 326 (18.95%) | 67 (13.93%) | |
≥ 70 | 928 (53.95%) | 331 (68.81%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) n (%) | 0.22 | ||
≥ 35 | 3 (0.17%) | 1 (0.21%) | |
< 35, ≥ 30 | 29 (1.69%) | 8 (1.66%) | |
< 30, ≥ 25 | 379 (22.03%) | 85 (17.67%) | |
≥ 18.5, < 25 | 1309 (76.10%) | 387 (80.46%) | |
Perioperative blood transfusion n (%) | 0.002 | ||
None | 1596 (92.79%) | 425 (88.36%) | |
One unit | 37 (2.15%) | 10 (2.08%) | |
≥ 2 units | 87 (5.06%) | 46 (9.56%) | |
Primary diagnosis n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Vertebral fracture | 857 (49.83%) | 84 (17.46%) | |
Hip fracture | 544 (31.63%) | 364 (75.68%) | |
Limb fracture | 319 (18.55%) | 33 (6.86%) | |
ASA n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
1 | 134 (7.79%) | 16 (3.33%) | |
2 | 1131 (65.76%) | 275 (57.17%) | |
3 | 451 (26.22%) | 185 (38.46%) | |
4 | 4 (0.23%) | 5 (1.04%) | |
Hemoglobin (g/L) n (%) | 0.60 | ||
≥ 130 | 740 (43.68%) | 221 (47.02%) | |
< 130, ≥ 120 | 388 (22.90%) | 101 (21.49%) | |
< 120, ≥ 110 | 280 (16.53%) | 70 (14.89%) | |
< 110 | 286 (16.88%) | 78 (16.60%) | |
surgical method n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Open reduction plate internal fixation for radial fracture | 226 (13.14%) | 22 (4.57%) | |
External radial fixation | 4 (0.23%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Femoral head replacement | 110 (6.40%) | 94 (19.54%) | |
Total hip replacement | 27 (1.57%) | 30 (6.24%) | |
Closed reduction and internal fixation of the femur | 356 (20.70%) | 197 (40.96%) | |
Open reduction and internal fixation of the femur | 45 (2.62%) | 40 (8.32%) | |
Percutaneous kyphoplasty | 706 (41.05%) | 43 (8.94%) | |
Spondyloplasty | 96 (5.58%) | 5 (1.04%) | |
Vertebrae internal fixation | 50 (2.91%) | 34 (7.07%) | |
Lumbar posterior column fusion, posterior approach | 5 (0.29%) | 3 (0.62%) | |
Closed reduction intramedullary pin fixation of humerus fracture | 9 (0.52%) | 2 (0.42%) | |
Open reduction of humerus fracture with internal fixation | 86 (5.00%) | 11 (2.29%) | |
Anesthesia n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
General anesthesia | 347 (20.17%) | 112 (23.28%) | |
Local anesthesia | 571 (33.20%) | 24 (4.99%) | |
Spinal anesthesia | 473 (27.50%) | 302 (62.79%) | |
Continuous epidural anesthesia | 15 (0.87%) | 11 (2.29%) | |
Brachial plexus anesthesia | 314 (18.26%) | 32 (6.65%) | |
CCI n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
0 | 1570 (91.28%) | 371 (77.13%) | |
1 | 118 (6.86%) | 79 (16.42%) | |
2 | 23 (1.34%) | 22 (4.57%) | |
3 | 6 (0.35%) | 5 (1.04%) | |
4 | 2 (0.12%) | 3 (0.62%) | |
5 | 1 (0.06%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
7 | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.21%) |