Table 4 Comparison of hip and knee kinematics between studies conducted in Asian and Western studies

Age (years)

mean ± SD (range)

28.5 ± 5.7

(18–40)

21.9 ± 2.0

Female 20.0

Male 20.0

Female 24.1 ± 1.6

Male 24.9 ± 2.0

Female 22.9 ± 4.9

Male 23.5 ± 2.7

Female 34.8 ± 12.7

Male 34.8 ± 12.1

Female 23.2 ± 3.0

Male 24.3 ± 4.0

43.0 (18.0)

(20–72)

Country

Thailand

China

Korea

Korea

Korea

Canada

Australia

Italy

System

Motion Analysis

(Santa Rosa, USA)

Opti-Knee

(Shanghai, China)

Motion Analysis

(Santa Rosa, USA)

Midas system

(Woburn, USA)

Vicon 370

(Oxford, UK)

KneeKG system

(Montreal, Canada)

KneeKG system

(Montreal, Canada)

Elite system

(Milano, Italy),

Velocity (m/s),

mean ± SD

1.1 ± 0.1

 N/A

Female 1.3

Male 1.3

1.1 ± 0.1

1.2 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.1

 N/A

1.3 (0.2)

Stride length (m),

mean ± SD

1.2 ± 0.1

 N/A

Female 1.3

Male 1.4

1.3 ± 0.1

1.2 ± 0.1

 N/A

N/A

1.4 (0.2)

Hip AD-AB

(total excursion)

-6.8, 10.9

(17.7)

N/A

N/A

-14.1, -0.2

(13.9)

-4.3, 7.3

(11.6)

N/A

N/A

-5.5, 5.4 (10.9)

Hip F-E

(total excursion)

-19.7, 50.3

(69.9)

N/A

N/A

-18.3, 27.4

(45.7)

-4.2, 39.0

(43.2)

N/A

N/A

-10, 29.8 (39.8)

Hip IR-ER

(total excursion)

-9.8, 24.3

(34.1)

N/A

N/A

0.4, 9.8

(9.4)

-5.0, 8.0

(13.0)

N/A

N/A

-3.4, 8.5 (11.9)

Knee varus-valgus

(total excursion)

-9.6, 6.9

(16.5)

-4.4, 5.5

(9.9)

-10.1, 3.7

(13.8)

6.6, 13.0

(6.7)

-1.0, 7.5

(8.5)

-4.8, 5.5

(10.3)

-0.6, 4.0

(4.6)

-6.5, 4.1 (10.6)

Knee F-E

(total excursion)

0.8, 73.8

(74.6)

1.7, 62.6

(60.9)

-1.4, 62.4

(63.8)

1.4, 59.4

(58)

2.3, 59.0

(56.7)

-10.0, 56.0

(66.0)

0.7, 58.0

(57.3)

0.4, 65.7 (65.3)

Knee IR-ER

(total excursion)

-50.5, 0.5

(51.0)

-4.4, 9.6

(14.0)

-5.6, 17.4

(23.0)

-8.2, 3.3

(11.5)

-6.0, 5.0

(11.0)

-2.8, 3.7

(6.5)

-7.1, 6.1

(13.2)

-5.3, 8.4 (13.7)