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Table 2 Adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) of spinal pain in pre-adolescence and late adolescence, respectively, according to body heights at different ages, analyzed as separate models and as the interaction between sex and height (The Danish National Birth Cohort, born 1996–2003)

From: Body height and spinal pain in adolescence: a cohort study from the Danish National Birth Cohort

 

Girlsa

Boysa

No. of cases

Moderate/Severe

Moderate pain

RRR (95% CI)

Severe pain

RRR (95% CI)

No. of cases

Moderate/Severe

Moderate pain

RRR (95% CI)

Severe pain

RRR (95% CI)

SPINAL PAIN IN PRE-ADOLESCENCE b

 Birth length (N = 43,241)

  Low birth length

1,769/724

0.98 (0.91–1.05)

0.87 (0.79–0.96)

1,668/546

0.99 (0.92–1.06)

0.99 (0.88–1.11)

  Normal birth length

4,342/2,023

Ref.

Ref.

3,613/1,190

Ref.

Ref.

  Long birth length

821/358

1.01 (0.92–1.11)

0.95 (0.84–1.08)

617/263

0.89 (0.81–0.99)

1.16 (1.00-1.34)

 Body height at age 1 (N = 24,716)

  Low height

912/381

0.98 (0.89–1.07)

0.93 (0.81–1.05)

923/319

1.00 (0.91–1.10)

1.07 (0.93–1.24)

  Normal height

2,493/1,100

Ref.

Ref.

1,765/579

Ref.

Ref.

  Tall height

594/293

1.07 (0.96–1.20)

1.20 (1.03–1.38)

537/171

1.04 (0.93–1.17)

1.02 (0.85–1.23)

 Body height at age 7 (N = 27,189)

  Low height

839/345

0.94 (0.85–1.03)

0.86 (0.75–0.98)

860/247

1.06 (0.96–1.16)

0.90 (0.77–1.05)

  Normal height

2,600/1,167

Ref.

Ref.

2,270/763

Ref.

Ref.

  Tall height

724/360

1.15 (1.04–1.28)

1.27 (1.11–1.45)

689/230

1.10 (0.99–1.22)

1.09 (0.93–1.29)

 Body height at age 11 (N = 30,923)

  Low height

929/346

0.88 (0.81–0.97)

0.78 (0.68–0.88)

998/305

1.05 (0.96–1.15)

0.95 (0.83–1.09)

  Normal height

2,977/1,258

Ref.

Ref.

2,465/834

Ref.

Ref.

  Tall height

875/395

1.19 (1.08–1.30)

1.26 (1.11–1.43)

733/270

1.04 (0.94–1.15)

1.14 (0.98–1.32)

SPINAL PAIN IN LATE ADOLESCENCE c

 Birth length (N = 25,796)

  Low birth length

1,365/1,069

0.93 (0.85–1.02)

0.90 (0.82–0.99)

825/276

1.04 (0.94–1.16)

0.84 (0.72–0.98)

  Normal birth length

3,488/2,717

Ref.

Ref.

1,665/663

Ref.

Ref.

  Long birth length

659/491

1.05 (0.93–1.18)

1.00 (0.88–1.14)

325/137

1.00 (0.86–1.15)

1.06 (0.87–1.29)

 Body height at age 1 (N = 15,186)

  Low height

735/580

0.94 (0.84–1.06)

0.96 (0.85–1.09)

468/160

0.99 (0.87–1.14)

0.87 (0.71–1.07)

  Normal height

2,080/1,601

Ref.

Ref.

868/335

Ref.

Ref.

  Tall height

465/414

1.01 (0.87–1.16)

1.18 (1.01–1.36)

280/110

1.11 (0.94–1.31)

1.13 (0.89–1.43)

 Body height at age 7 (N = 16,661)

  Low height

710/545

0.94 (0.84–1.05)

0.95 (0.84–1.08)

390/135

0.88 (0.77–1.01)

0.82 (0.67–1.01)

  Normal height

2,194/1,665

Ref.

Ref.

1,154/426

Ref.

Ref.

  Tall height

545/467

1.09 (0.95–1.24)

1.23 (1.06–1.41)

338/137

1.11 (0.96–1.28)

1.22 (0.99–1.50)

 Body height at age 11 (N = 18,668)

  Low height

819/585

0.91 (0.82–1.02)

0.82 (0.73–0.93)

465/155

0.94 (0.83–1.07)

0.83 (0.68–1.01)

  Normal height

2,453/1,923

Ref.

Ref.

1,213/457

Ref.

Ref.

  Tall height

658/563

1.10 (0.97–1.24)

1.19 (1.05–1.35)

396/170

1.26 (1.10–1.45)

1.44 (1.19–1.75)

 Body height at age 18 (N = 25,868)

  Low height

1,221/972

1.03 (0.94–1.13)

1.09 (0.98–1.20)

646/213

0.99 (0.89–1.11)

0.85 (0.72–1.01)

  Normal height

3,429/2,573

Ref.

Ref.

1,629/617

Ref.

Ref.

  Tall height

889/745

1.03 (0.93–1.14)

1.15 (1.03–1.28)

540/240

1.05 (0.93–1.18)

1.24 (1.06–1.46)

  1. aAnalyzed as the interaction between height and sex and further adjusted for the main effects of parity, gestational age, parental education at birth, and equivalized household income. No remarkable changes to the estimates when adjusting for potential confounding for neither boys nor girls, and therefore, the adjusted models were solely depicted
  2. bReference categories: For explanatory variables; normal body height for age; and for outcome variables; not having reported moderate or severe spinal pain in DNBC-11 (No pain)
  3. cReference categories: For explanatory variables; normal body height for age; and for outcome variables; not having reported moderate or severe spinal pain in DNBC-18 (No pain)
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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

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