Table 1 Patient Characteristics in the Included Studies
Study | LOE | Country | Study design | Patient (male/ female) | Tear size (cm)/ Surgical technique | Mean age (range/SD) | Immobilized device/ (removal timing of EM, DM group) | Rehabilitation protocol | Image method/ follow-up | Outcome evaluation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early motion timing) | Delayed motion (timing) | ||||||||||
Arndt 2012 [2] | 1 | France | RCT | 92 (34/58) | Partial and full-thickness tear (NA)/ Single or double row | 55.3 | Sling/ (POW 6, POW 6) | *EPM (POD 1) | *DPM (POW 6) | CT/ 3, 6, 12, > 12 months | Constant score/ forward flexion / external rotation/ retear rate |
Cuff 2012 [11] | 1 | USA | RCT | 68 (38/30) | full-thickness tear/ Transosseousequivalent suture-bridge technique | 63.2 | Shoulder immobilizer / (POW 6, POW 6) | EPM (POD 2) EAM (POW 6) | DPM (POW 6) DAM (POW 7) | Ultrasound /6, 12 months | ASES score/ SST/ forward flexion/ external rotation/ internal rotation/ cuff healing rate |
Kim 2012 [23] | 1 | South Korea | RCT | 105 (44/61) | full-thickness tear (< 3)/Single or double row or suture bridge | 60 | Brace/ (POW4 ~ 5, POW4 ~ 5) | #EPM (POD 1) | #DPM (POW 4 ~ 5) | Ultrasound, CT, MRI/ 3, 6, 12 months | VAS/ constant score/ SST/ ASES/ forward flexion/ external rotation/ Internal rotation/ detachment rate |
Lee 2012 [28] | 1 | South Korea | RCT | 64 (41/23) | Full-thickness tear (1–5)/ Single row | 54.87 (39–66) | Sling/ (POW 6, POW 6) | *EPM (POD 1) | *%DPM (POW 3) | MRI/ 3, 6, 12 months | VAS/ UCLAS/ active strength/ forward flexion/ external rotation/ retear rate/healing rate |
Düzgün 2014 [13] | 1 | Turkey | RCT | 40 (6/34) | Full-thickness tear (1–5)/ Side-to-side repair | 57.43 (8.97) | N/A | EPM (POW2) EAM (POW 3) | DPM (POW4) DAM (POW 6) | NA/ 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24 months | Active Elevation / forward flexion/ external rotation/ internal rotation |
Keener 2014 [22] | 1 | USA | RCT | 124 (73/51) | Full-thickness tear (< 3) / Double row | < 65 | Sling/ (POW 6, POW 6) | EPM (POW 1) EAM (POW 6) | DPM (POW 6) DAM (POW 12) | Ultrasound/ 6, 12, > 12 months | VAS/ ASES/ SST/ constant score/ abduction strength/ external rotation strength/healing and retear rate |
De Roo 2015 [12] | 1 | Belgium | RCT | 130 (59/71) | Full-thickness tear (< 5)/ Single or double Row | 64.8 (9.85) | Brace/ (POW 6, POW 6) | EPM (POD 1) EAM (POW 5) | DPM (POW 5) DAM (POW 6) | Ultrasound/ 6 weeks,4 months | SST, SPADI, constant score/ UCLAS/ active strength/ forward flexion/ external rotation |
Sheps 2015 [42] | 1 | Canada | RCT | 189 (115/74) | Full-thickness tear (< 5)/ mini-open rotator cuff repair | 55.16 (35–86) | Sling/ (as needed, POW 6) | EAM (POD 1) | DAM (POW 6) | Ultrasound, MRI/ 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12, 24 months | VAS/ forward flexion/ external rotation/ internal rotation/abduction/ Scapular plane elevation |
Mazzocca 2017 [35] | 1 | USA | RCT | 58 (40/18) | Full-thickness tear (NA)/ Transosseouse quivalent suture-bridge technique | 54.53 (7.5) | Sling/ (POW 6, POW 6) | EAM (POD 2) | DAM (POW 5) | MRI/ 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 weeks | VAS/ WORC/ ASES/SST/SANE/ constant score/ forward flexion/ external rotation/ failure rate |
Zhang 2017 [47] | 1 | China | RCT | 132 (69/63) | Full-thickness tear (3–5)/NA | 51.38 (11.84) | Brackets/ (POW 6, POW 6) | EAM (POD 3) | DAM (POW 6) | X-ray/ 3, 6, 12 months | VAS/ UCLAS/ constant score/ forward flexion/ external rotation/ re-tear rate |
Jenssen 2018 [19] | 1 | Norway | RCT | 118 (69/49) | Full-thickness tear (< 3) / Single row | 55.5 (34–73) | Sling, brace/ (POW3, POW6) | #EAM (POW3) | #DAM (POW 6) | MRI/ 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12 months | VAS for satisfaction/ forward flexion/ external rotation/abduction /healing/ atrophy/fatty infiltration/ WORC/ constant score |
Tirefort 2019 [44] | 1 | Switzerland | RCT | 80 (37/43) | Full-thickness tear (< 3)/double row | 54.1 (27–78/9.87) | Sling/ (NA, POW 5) | EPM (POD 1) EAM (POD 1) | DPM (POD1) DAM (POW 5) | Ultrasound / 10 days, 1.5, 3, 6 months | VAS/ SANE/ ASES/ forward flexion/ external rotation |
Sheps 2019 [43] | 1 | Canada | RCT | 206 (131/75) | Full-thickness tear (1–5)/ single row or double row/ Transosseouse | 55.9 (26–79) | Sling/ (as needed, POW 6) | EAM (POD 1) | DAM (POW 6) | Ultrasound/ 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12, 24 months | VAS/ forward flexion/ external rotation/ internal rotation/abduction/ scaption/ strength/ WORC/ SF-36 Scores |