Table 3 Outcomes and complications of unilateral laminotomy with bilateral spinal canal decompression for LLS

Arai et al. [18], 2014

50

2 years

2.57 ± 2.94 (2 years)

25.6 ± 3.5 (2 year)

80.2 ± 32.8

-

-

-

Buttock and/or lower extremity numbness decreased from 70.3 ± 25.4 to 31.3 ± 35.4

2%

181 ± 64.6

114 ± 114

Hematoma (0%), Adjacent segment disorder (2%)

Yang et al. [19], 2020

28

2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year

2.50 ± 0.75 (back, 1 year) 2.68 ± 1.09 (leg, 1 year)

-

-

-

28.75 ± 7.06

-

-

-

72.0 (68.8–74.8)

-

Complications (17.9%), Dural tear (3.6%), Urinary retention (7.1%), Delirium (7.1%)

Ko et al. [20], 2019

25

6 months, 1 year, 2 years

1.38 ± 1.19 (back, 2 years) 1.20 ± 1.15 (leg, 2 years)

-

-

4.60 ± 3.62

12.0 ± 8.17

64.0 ± 20.1 (PCS, 2 years) 70.4 ± 18.3 (MCS, 2 years)

-

-

119 ± 39.8

-

Did not report complications

McGrath et al. [21], 2019

45

2 weeks, 3 months, 1 year

4.2 ± 0.6 (back, 1 year) 3.0 ± 0.5 (leg, 1 year)

-

-

-

-

-

-

2%

154.1 ± 6.2

52 ± 11

Hematoma (4%), Dural tear (7%), Urinary retention (13%), Paresthesia (2%)

Ulrich et al. [22], 2019

128

1 year, 2 years, 3 years

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5%

-

-

Complications (20.4%), Hematoma (1.6%), Dural tear (7.8%), Infection (1.6%), Mortality within 3 months (0%)

Mobbs et al. [23], 2014

27

3 years

1.9 ± 2.5 (leg, 3 years)

-

-

-

22.8 ± 27.7

-

SF-12 (PCS, 3 years) and SF-12 (MCS, 3 years) improved by 40.1 ± 10.8 and 50.2 ± 10, respectively

-

-

-

Dural tear (4%)

Knio et al. [24], 2019

68

1 year, 2 years

2.8 ± 2.8 (back, 2 years) 2.1 ± 2.8 (leg, 2 years)

-

-

-

20.3 ± 17.1

-

-

-

118.7 ± 28.9

-

Dural tear (9%)