Table 3 Comparison between the two groups

Age (years)

75

65–81

78

67–91

0.008*

Sex (Male/Female)

14/18

13/26

0.4

BMI (kg/m²)

22.8

15.4–32.1

24.2

17.7–31.2

0.3

Limb skeletal muscle mass (kg)

14.9

9.8–23.3

13.9

8.9–21.9

0.3

Trunk skeletal muscle mass (kg)

16.8

12.4–23.3

16.5

11.7–23.7

0.3

Hand grip strength (kg)

23.3

12.8–44

20.6

8.1–43

0.1

TUG (s)

9.6

5.4–21.5

14.5

6.4–38.4

0.0002*

LSA

54

4.5–120

37.5

0–110

0.02

PNI

52.4

36.9–64.9

51.2

36.2–60.5

0.2

Low back pain (VAS)

51

8–100

67

0–100

0.2

Lower limb pain (VAS)

65

18–100

69.5

0–100

0.8

Lower limb numbness (VAS)

51

0–100

65.5

0–100

0.4

GLFS-25

40

24–65

58

25–87

0.002*

Surgery (decompression/fusion/decompression and fusion)

19/10/3

28/7/4

0.4227

Patient’s symptoms (neuropathic/cauda equina/mixed symptoms)

15/8/9

19/16/4

0.1101