Table 1 Characteristics of eligible studies included in the meta-analysis
From: Effects of dual-task training on chronic ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Study | Design | Individual | Age (Years) EG/CG | Intervention | Outcome | Results and Conclusion | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Dual-task training | Duration | Assessment tool | Outcome measure | |||||
2022 Taghavi | RCT | 21 CAI | 18–25 22.42 ± 2.22/23.14 ± 1.34 | Balance training | Balance training + BC | 50 min/session, 3 sessions/week, 5 weeks | Force plate | Y-balance test, BESS | Although the group with CI showed a greater improvement in mean than group without CI, but the difference was not significant in any of the variables. |
2020 Onegh | RCT | 34 FAI | 18–52 34.82 ± 11.18/31.06 ± 9.90 | Balance training | Balance training + RNG | 30 min/session, 3 sessions/week, 4 weeks | Biodex balance system | OSI, APSI, MLSI | There were no differences between the two groups regarding the study variables. Dual-task training improved more balance indices compared to the control group. It is recommended that dual-task training be included in a physiotherapy program for people with FAI. |
2020 Chae | RCT | 30 CAI | >18 35.33 ± 7.05/34.27 ± 6.77 | Proprioceptive exercises | Proprioceptive exercises + Backward digit span task | 15 min/session, 3 sessions/week, 4 weeks | Force plate | COP, Y-balance test, Side hop, Figure-of-8 hop, Square hop test | The experimental group showed more significant improvement than the controls in terms of the fluctuation distance, speed, and area of static balance. |
2017 Gonzales | RCT | 23 CAI | 18–35 20.20 ± 1.10/20.73 ± 1.10 | Balance training | Balance training + RNG/BC | 20-30 min/session, 14 sessions, 4 weeks | Force plate | Y-balance test, TTB, COP | Dual tasks have the potential to influence training as demonstrated by the moderate to strong effects it had on TTB and Y-balance outcomes. |
2016 Kwak | RCT | 20 FAI | 16–25 18.50 ± 4.80/17.80 ± 1.80 | Balance training | Balance training + Catching thrown balls | 30 min/day, 3 days/week, 4 weeks | Foot scan, Tech-Storm Co. | Anterior-posterior, Medio-lateral balance, Up-down hop, Figure-of-8 hop, Single hop test | Dual-task training improved balance and functional performance better than single-task training. |
2016 Conceição | RCT | 44 CAI | 24.00 ± 4.00/ 22.00 ± 3.00 | No intervention | Balance training + Kicking balls | 30 min/session, 1 session | Force plate | COP | A single session of ball-kicking balance-perturbation training promoted changes in postural-control strategies in individuals with CAI. |
2014 Maresh | RCT | 20 CAI | 21.2 ± 2.5/ 21.2 ± 2.5 | Balance training | Balance training + Active video games | 15-25 min/session, 3–5 sessions/week, 4 weeks | Force plate | Y-balance test, BESS | No significant difference between groups. |