The effect of movement representation techniques on ankle function and performance in persons with or without a lateral ankle sprain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Risk of bias assessment

Study ID	Experimental	Comparator	Outcome	D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	Overall
Abraham et al. [63]	Motor imagery	Upper body exercises	Range of Motion tests	+	+	+	-	!	!
Bouguetoch et al. [64]	Motor imagery	Control group	Maximal voluntary contraction	+	+	+	+	!	!
Christakou et al. [32]	Physiotherapy + motor imagery	Physiotherapy	Muscular endurance, functional stability, dynamic balance	+	+	+	-	!	-
Christakou & Zervas [31]	Physiotherapy + motor imagery	Physiotherapy	Range of Motion, swelling	+	+	+	-	!	-
Dehghan et al. [62]	Motor imagery + proprioceptive exercise	Control groups	Proprioception	+	-	-	-	!	-
Grosprêtre et al. [61]	Motor imagery	Control group	Muscle torque	+	+	+	!	!	!
Nagar & Noohu [60]	Strength + balance + motor imagery	Strength + balance exercises	1RM ankle plantar flexion strength	+	+	+	+	!	!
Nagar & Noohu [60]	Strength + balance + motor imagery	Strength + balance exercises	Balance (mSEBT)	+	+	+	!	!	!
Nunes et al. [30]	Physiotherapy + motor imagery	Physiotherapy	Ankle ROM, balance (mSEBT), swelling, functional instability questionnaire	+	+	+	!	!	!
Sidaway & Trzaska [29]	Motor imagery	Exercise	Maximal dorsal flexion torque	+	+	+	+	!	!

+ low risk, ! some risk,—high risk, D1 randomization process, D2 deviations from the intended interventions, D3 missing outcome data, D4 measurement of the outcome, D5 selection of the reported result, 1RM 1 repetition maximum, ROM range of motion, mSEBT modified star balance excursion test

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