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Table 3 Changes related to the scores of the GRF parameters

From: Comparison of cognitive functional therapy and movement system impairment treatment in chronic low back pain patients: a randomized controlled trial

Characteristic

CFT

MSI

Group Difference, Mean (95% CI)

Effect

Size†

Main Effect of Time

Interaction Effect

Bonferroni post-hoc tests

Means (± SD)

Change relative to baseline (%)

Means (± SD)

Change relative to baseline (%)

F

P-value

F

P-value

Time

Group

GRF parameters at self-selected speed

FPF (%BW)

Baseline

0.99 ± 0.03

NA

0.98 ± 0.03

NA

0.01 (-0.01 to 0.02)

NA

168.94

< 0.001

65.51

< 0.001

Baseline > 8 wk, 6 mo (p < 0.001a,b)

8 wk (p < 0.001);

6 mo

(p < 0.001)

8 weeks

1.05 ± 0.02

6.06 ↑

0.99 ± 0.02

1.02 ↑

0.07 (0.05 to 0.07)

3

6 Month

1.06 ± 0.02

7.07 ↑

0.99 ± 0.02

1.02 ↑

0.07 (0.06 to 0.08)

3.5

SPF (%BW)

Baseline

1.09 ± 0.02

NA

1.08 ± 0.03

NA

0.01 (0.00 to 0.02)

NA

30.53

< 0.001

60.40

< 0.001

Baseline > 8 wk (p < 0.001a), 6 mo

(p < 0.001a)

Baseline > 8 wk (N.Sb),

6 mo

(p = 0 .01b)

8 wk (p = 0.04);

6 mo

(p < 0.001)

8 weeks

1.06 ± 0.02

2.75 ↓

1.07 ± 0.02

0.92 ↓

-0.01 (-0.02 to -0.005)

0.5

6 Month

1.05 ± 0.02

3.67 ↓

1.09 ± 0.03

0.92 ↑

-0.04 (-0.06 to -0.03)

1.57

MSF (%BW)

Baseline

0.87 ± 0.02

NA

0.86 ± 0.02

NA

0.01 (0 to 0.02)

NA

165.18

< 0.001

30.11

< 0.001

Baseline > 8 wk (p < 0.001a,b),

6 mo (p < 0.001a), (p = 0.029b)

8 wk (p < 0.001);

6 mo (p < 0.001)

8 weeks

0.82 ± 0.03

5.75 ↓

0.84 ± 0.03

2.33 ↓

-0.02 (-0.03 to -0.01)

0.67

6 Month

0.80 ± 0.02

8.05 ↓

0.83 ± 0.03

3.49 ↓

-0.03 (-0.04 to -0.02)

1.18

WAR (%BW/s)

Baseline

449.36 ± 37.48

NA

443.46 ± 45.39

NA

5.90 (-11.46 to 23.26)

NA

310.99

< 0.001

22.06

< 0.001

Baseline > 8 wk, 6 mo (p < 0.001 a,b)

8 wk (p < 0.001);

6 mo

(p < 0.001)

8 weeks

568.31 ± 31.87

26.47 ↑

511.66 ± 41.30

15.38 ↑

56.65 (41.26 to 72.04)

1.53

6 Month

563.66 ± 26.33

25.29 ↑

510.51 ± 36.70

15.12 ↑

53.15 (39.82 to 66.48)

1.66

POR (%BW/s)

Baseline

619.49 ± 48.12

NA

615.27 ± 53.72

NA

3.77 (-17.50 to 25.04)

NA

220.59

< 0.001

8.86

< 0.001

Baseline > 8 wk, 6 mo (p < 0.001 a,b)

8 wk (p < 0.001);

6 mo

(p = 0.001)

8 weeks

750.14 ± 58.11

21.09 ↑

702.75 ± 59.95

14.22 ↑

47.39 (22.79 to 71.99)

0.80

6 Month

749.79 ± 61.77

21.03 ↑

702.49 ± 69.69

14.18 ↑

47.30 (19.85 to 74.76)

0.72

GRF parameters at faster speed

FPF (%BW)

Baseline

1.09 ± 0.03

NA

1.08 ± 0.03

NA

0.01 (-0.01 to 0.02)

NA

107.41

< 0.001

27.91

< 0.001

Baseline > 8 wk, 6 mo (p < 0.001 a,b)

8 wk (p < 0.001); 6 mo

(p < 0.001)

8 weeks

1.15 ± 0.03

5.50 ↑

1.11 ± 0.03

2.77 ↑

0.04 (0.02 to 0.05)

1.33

6 Month

1.15 ± 0.02

5.50 ↑

1.09 ± 0.02

0.93 ↑

0.06 (0.05 to 0.07)

3.00

SPF (%BW)

Baseline

1.14 ± 0.03

NA

1.13 ± 0.03

NA

0.01 (-0.004 to 0.023)

NA

21.53

< 0.001

0.39

0.68

Baseline > 8 wk (p < 0.001a,b)

8 wk (N.S); 6 mo

(p = 0.032)

8 weeks

1.16 ± 0.03

1.75 ↑

1.16 ± 0.03

2.65 ↑

0.004 (-0.01 to 0.02)

0

6 Month

1.15 ± 0.02

0.88 ↑

1.14 ± 0.02

0.88 ↑

0.01 (0.001 to 0.02)

0.5

MSF (%BW)

Baseline

0.65 ± 0.03

NA

0.67 ± 0.03

NA

-0.01 (-0.03 to 0)

NA

8.53

< 0.001

0.86

0.42

Baseline > 6 mo (p < 0.001a)

8 wk (p = 0.01);

6 mo

(p < 0.001)

8 weeks

0.64 ± 0.03

1.54 ↓

0.66 ± 0.04

1.49 ↓

-0.02 (-0.03 to -0.005)

0.57

6 Month

0.63 ± 0.03

3.07 ↓

0.66 ± 0.03

1.49 ↓

-0.02 (-0.04 to -0.01)

1

WAR (%BW/s)

Baseline

1157.49 ± 124.11

NA

1134.22 ± 117.22

NA

23.27 (-27 to 73.55)

NA

6.17

< 0.003

10.90

< 0.001

Baseline < 8 wk(p < 0.001a),

6 mo

(p = 0.048a)

Baseline < 8 wk(N.Sb),

6 mo

(p = 0.009b)

8 wk (p = 0.02);

6 mo

(p < 0.001)

8 weeks

1235.64 ± 111.23

6.75 ↑

1156.86 ± 124.06

2.00 ↑

78.78 (29.66 to 127.90)

0.67

6 Month

1232.08 ± 120.21

6.05 ↑

1041.90 ± 251.77

8.13 ↓

190.18 (107.7 to 272.66)

0.96

POR (%BW/s)

Baseline

992.53 ± 50.34

NA

989.37 ± 45.12

NA

3.16 (-16.74 to 23.07)

NA

290.78

< 0.001

125.57

< 0.001

Baseline < 8 wk, 6 mo (p < 0.001a,b)

8 wk (p < 0.001); 6 mo

(p < 0.001)

8 weeks

1156.24 ± 43.94

16.49 ↑

1038.86 ± 36.37

5 ↑

117.37 (100.59 to 134.16)

2.91

6 Month

1155.87 ± 38.77

16.46 ↑

1009.18 ± 48.38

2 ↑

146.69 (128.40 to 164.98)

3.35

  1. Abbreviations: a: Results of Bonferroni Post Hoc tests in the CFT group; b: Results of Bonferroni Post Hoc tests in the MSI group; CI, Confidence Interval NA, Not applicable; N.S, Not significant; NRS: numeric rating scale; ODI: Oswestry Disability index; TSK: Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; ↓ decrease, ↑ increase; †, Effect size (Cohen’s d).
  2. All calculations were done using intention-to-treat principles. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (group × time) was used to compare differences between two groups based on adjusted analysis.