Table 2 Differences in physical performance tests between flatfooted and normal-footed children

Vertical jump (cm)

 Bilateral

33.7 ± 6.4

33.9 ± 8.1

-0.17 (-2.17 to 1.83)

-0.03 (-0.30 to 0.24)

2.590 (0.077; 0.025)

 Dominant leg

22.0 ± 5.6

22.6 ± 7.2

-0.62 (-2.38 to 1.13)

-0.09 (-0.37 to 0.18)

0.769 (0.465; 0.007)

 Non-dominant leg

20.1 ± 5.3

19.9 ± 6.8

0.22 (-1.45 to 1.89)

0.03 (-0.24 to 0.30)

0.689 (0.503; 0.007)

Standing broad jump (cm)

 Bilateral

145.0 ± 22.5

136.8 ± 25.5

8.11 (1.54 to 14.48)

0.34 (0.07 to 0.61)

5.842 (0.003; 0.054)

 Dominant leg

123.7 ± 25.0

115.4 ± 27.8

8.35 (1.12 to 15.58)

0.31 (0.04 to 0.59)

4.072 (0.018; 0.038)

 Non-dominant leg

117.4 ± 24.6

112.1 ± 28.6

5.34 (0.94 to 12.61)

0.20 (0.07 to 0.47)

3.211 (0.042; 0.030)

Triple jump (cm)

 Dominant leg

350.5 ± 64.0

334.3 ± 68.5

16.10 (0.43 to 35.64)

0.24 (0.03 to 0.52)

2.129 (0.049; 0.020)

 Non-dominant leg

333.0 ± 66.7

317.3 ± 70.5

15.70 (0.14 to 35.58)

0.23 (0.04 to 0.51)

2.247 (0.046; 0.022)

Sprint (s)

 10 m

2.37 ± 0.23

2.40 ± 0.25

-0.04 (0.10 to 0.03)

-0.13 (-0.40 to 0.15)

0.151 (0.860; 0.001)

 20 m

3.82 ± 0.37

3.92 ± 0.42

-0.10 (-0.21 to 0.00)

0.25 (0.02 to 0.53)

2.533 (0.038; 0.025)

 40 m

6.72 ± 0.71

6.96 ± 0.88

-0.24 (-0.46 to -0.03)

0.30 (0.03 to 0.57)

4.236 (0.010; 0.040)

Dynamic balance_dominant leg (cm)

 Anterolateral

75.4 ± 8.5

74.4 ± 9.9

1.01 (-1.52 to 3.54)

0.11 (-0.16 to 0.38)

2.971 (0.053; 0.028)

 Anterior

83.0 ± 8.6

82.1 ± 9.3

0.88 (-1.57 to 3.33)

0.10 (-0.17 to 0.37)

2.182 (0.067; 0.019)

 Anteromedial

85.5 ± 9.4

84.1 ± 9.3

1.40 (-1.16 to 3.95)

0.15 (-0.12 to 0.42)

2.118 (0.116; 0.021)

 Medial

81.5 ± 10.0

79.6 ± 10.7

1.89 (-0.94 to 4.73)

0.18 (-0.09 to 0.46)

1.760 (0.175; 0.017)

 Posteromedial

84.1 ± 9.8

80.5 ± 10.4

3.63 (0.87 to 6.40)

0.36 (0.08 to 0.63)

4.297 (0.015; 0.042)

 Posterior

83.5 ± 10.2

78.8 ± 11.8

4.65 (1.65 to 7.66)

0.43 (0.15 to 0.70)

3.970 (0.020; 0.037)

 Posterolateral

76.1 ± 10.9

71.3 ± 12.2

4.78 (1.62 to 7.93)

0.42 (0.14 to 0.69)

3.193 (0.043; 0.030)

 Lateral

66.1 ± 11.2

61.3 ± 12.6

4.77 (1.50 to 8.03)

0.40 (0.13 to 0.68)

3.439 (0.040; 0.031)

Dynamic balance_non-dominant leg (cm)

 Anterolateral

75.4 ± 8.7

74.2 ± 9.4

1.17 (-1.30 to 3.64)

0.13 (-0.14 to 0.40)

1.091 (0.338; 0.011)

 Anterior

83.2 ± 8.7

82.7 ± 9.1

0.53 (-1.90 to 2.96)

0.06 (-0.22 to 0.33)

2.984 (0.053; 0.028)

 Anteromedial

84.8 ± 8.3

85.2 ± 10.6

-0.15 (-2.53 to 2.23)

0.04 (-0.31 to 0.23)

2.718 (0.056; 0.025)

 Medial

88.9 ± 10.5

86.9 ± 11.6

2.06 (-0.96 to 5.08)

0.18 (-0.09 to 0.45)

0.899 (0.409; 0.009)

 Posteromedial

91.0 ± 10.1

86.5 ± 11.6

4.51 (1.54 to 7.48)

0.41 (0.13 to 0.68)

4.200 (0.016; 0.039)

 Posterior

89.1 ± 10.5

84.5 ± 12.2

4.62 (1.50 to 7.73)

0.41 (0.13 to 0.68)

3.208 (0.042; 0.030)

 Posterolateral

81.1 ± 10.5

78.5 ± 12.2

2.59 (0.52 to 5.71)

0.23 (0.04 to 0.50)

2.991 (0.050; 0.029)

 Lateral

70.0 ± 12.1

68.3 ± 12.8

1.70 (-1.70 to 5.11)

0.14 (-0.14 to 0.41)

0.290 (0.748; 0.003)