proinsulin
|
| | localization | 2 W | 3 W |
LT-HG | (-) | Chondrocytes | − | − |
BMDCs | − | − |
(+) | Chondrocytes | − | − |
BMDCs | ++ | ++ |
TNF-α
|
| | localization | 2 W | 3 W |
LT-HG | (-) | Chondrocytes | ± | ± |
| | BMDCs | + | + |
(+) | Chondrocytes | + | + |
BMDCs | ++ | + |
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor; LT-HG, long term hyperglycemia; BMDCs, bone marrow derived cells; 2 W, 2weeks after fracture; 3 W, 3weeks after fracture; ++, strongly positive; +, moderately positive; ±, weakly positive; –, negative staining, semi-quantitative analysis conducted according to the method described by Song J et al. and Yayama T, et al. [29, 30]
