Table 3 Comparisons of the investigation items between the non-kyphosis and kyphosis groups

Age (year)

70.3 ± 5.7

72.6 ± 6.2

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

23.4 ± 3.4

23.5 ± 3.6

0.308

Trunk muscle mass (kg)

20.0 ± 1.6

19.6 ± 1.8

0.041

SMI (kg/m²)

6.3 ± 0.7

6.4 ± 0.9

0.137

GLFS-25 (point)

7.6 ± 9.1

11.8 ± 10.9

 < 0.001

ODI (%)

12.8 ± 12.4

18.9 ± 14.6

 < 0.001

SF-8 PCS (point)

47.3 ± 7.3

45.0 ± 7.9

0.004

SF-8 MCS (point)

51.5 ± 5.7

50.7 ± 6.8

0.291

SIA (°)

1.2 ± 2.4

8.7 ± 5.0

 < 0.001

TKA (°)

43.2 ± 12.7

37.1 ± 14.2

 < 0.001

LLA (°)

22.3 ± 11.8

8.3 ± 16.9

 < 0.001

Grip strength (kg)

23.6 ± 3.7

22.1 ± 4.4

 < 0.001

TUG (second)

4.9 ± 1.2

5.6 ± 1.5

 < 0.001

Maximum stride (cm)

111.1 ± 22.3

108.2 ± 16.1

 < 0.001

OLS (second)

34.2 ± 20.9

29.0 ± 20.3

 < 0.001