Table 1 Baseline and surgical characteristics (N = 32)

Age; range (years)

58.66 ± 7.77; 47–77

Gender

Male

15 (46.9%)

Female

17 (53.1%)

Body Mass Index; range

25.81 ± 2.15; 22–30

Bone Mineral Density; range (T value)

-1.05 ± 1.05; -3.5-0.8

Smoking history

4 (12.5%)

Chronic comorbidity

hypertension

4 (12.5%)

diabetes mellitus

3 (9.4%)

rheumatoid arthritis

1 (3.1%)

osteoporosis

4 (12.5%)

Fusion levels

2

18 (56.3%)

3

6 (18.7%)

4

5 (15.6%)

5

3 (9.4%)

Mean operation duration and range (min)

171.67 ± 36.66; 120–240

Mean operation duration and range according to different fusion levels (min)

2

142.98 ± 19.98; 120–170

3

179.14 ± 24.23; 150–190

4

190.79 ± 43.14; 180–220

5

222.60 ± 10.32; 210–240

Mean blood loss and range (ml)

259.44 ± 89.53; 160–520

Mean blood loss and range according to different fusion levels (ml)

2

221.87 ± 75.44; 160–310

3

293.69 ± 80.72; 210–350

4

389.80 ± 63.55; 330–450

5

467.44 ± 49.18; 410–520

Postoperative complication

wound infection

1 (3.1%)

pseudoarthrosis

1 (3.1%)

radiculopathy

1 (3.1%)

Revision surgery

1 (3.1%)

Total

32 (100%)