Table 1 Baseline characteristics of studied participants, (N = 9,520)
Characteristics | Total (n = 9,520) | Men (n = 4,538) | Women (n = 4,982) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD or frequency (%) | ||||
Age (years) | 47.27 ± 8.25 | 46.92 ± 8.05 | 47.58 ± 8.41 | 0.001 |
Residency, n (%) | ||||
Urban | 5701 (59.88) | 2811 (61.94) | 2890 (58.01) | < 0.001 |
Rural | 3819 (40.12) | 1727 (38.06) | 2092 (41.99) | |
Lifestyle | ||||
Current smoker, n (%) | 1090 (11.50) | 997 (22.07) | 93 (1.88) | < 0.001 |
Alcohol use, n (%) | 463 (4.86) | 461 (10.16) | 2 (0.04) | < 0.001 |
Sleep duration ( per 24 h) | 7.10 ± 1.22 | 7.01 ± 1.19 | 7.18 ± 1.24 | < 0.001 |
Physical activity (Met h/day) | ||||
Low | 2869 (30.14) | 1576 (34.73) | 1293 (25.95) | < 0.001 |
Moderate | 4522 (47.50) | 1380 (30.41) | 3142 (63.07) | |
High | 2129 (22.36) | 1582 (34.86) | 547 (10.98) | |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 1487 (15.62) | 663 (14.61) | 824 (16.54) | 0.009 |
Diabetes | 816 (8.57) | 363 (8.00) | 453 (9.10) | 0.057 |
Dyslipidemia | 4215 (44.28) | 2413 (53.17) | 1802 (36.17) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular diseases | 1598 (16.79) | 554 (12.21) | 1044 (20.96) | < 0.001 |
Depression | 292 (3.07) | 90 (1.98) | 202 (4.05) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||
Normal (18-24.9 kg/m2) | 2860 (30.04) | 1685 (37.13) | 1175 (23.58) | < 0.001 |
Overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2) | 41.33 (43.41) | 2099 (46.35) | 2034 (40.83) | |
Obesity (≥ 30 kg/m2) | 2527 (26.54) | 754 (16.62) | 1773 (35.59) | |
Musculoskeletal disorders | ||||
Back pain | 2211 (23.23) | 962 (21.20) | 1249 (25.07) | < 0.001 |
Back stiffness | 745 (7.83) | 231 (5.09) | 514 (10.32) | < 0.001 |
Joint pain | 3560 (37.40) | 1334 (29.40) | 2226 (44.68) | < 0.001 |
Joint stiffness | 472 (4.96) | 124 (2.73) | 348 (6.99) | < 0.001 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 246 (2.58) | 51 (1.12) | 195 (3.91) | < 0.001 |
Osteoporosis | 242 (2.54) | 31 (0.68) | 211 (4.24) | < 0.001 |