Table 3 Univariate analyses for association between sociodemographic variables and being recommended core (referent) (n = 181), recommended (+/- low value care) (n = 129) and low value care only (n = 29) interventions

Sex

Female

Referent

Referent

Male

1.64

1.0, 2.59

0.035

1.35

.61, 2.98

0.457

Age

Younger than 50 years

Referent

Referent

51–60 years

1.67

0.53, 5.44

0.376

1.3

0.13, 12.76

0.823

61–70 years

1.34

0.43, 4.11

0.612

2.16

0.25, 18.36

0.479

71–80 years

2.12

0.7, 6.42

0.182

1.97

0.23, 16.83

0.537

Older than 80 years

2.4

0.61, 9.37

0.208

3.6

0.32, 40.23

0.298

Joint

Knee

Referent

Referent

Hip

3.1

1.85, 5.2

< 0.001

0.93

0.33, 2.61

0.888

Years since diagnosis

Less than 1 year

Referent

Referent

1 to 5 years

0.48

0.26, 0.88

0.018

0.88

0.29, 2.67

0.817

6 to 10 years

0.35

0.17, 0.73

0.005

1.04

0.31, 3.53

0.950

More than 10 years

0.33

0.15, 0.73

0.006

0.32

0.06, 1.81

0.200

Education

Junior high school or below

Referent

Referent

Senior high school

0.5

0.26, 0.95

0.035

0.97

0.35, 2.7

0.958

Certificate or Diploma

0.88

0.46, 1.67

0.688

1.38

0.49, 3.93

0.541

University

0.31

0.13, 0.72

0.006

0.97

0.09, 1.99,

0.279

Employment status

Retired

Referent

Referent

Working (part/fulltime)

0.68

0.38, 1.21

0.189

0.98

0.37, 2.54

0.961

Government Benefit

1.68

0.98, 2.88

0.060

1.5

0.58, 3.85

0.399

Socioeconomic disadvantage

1

Referent

Referent

2

0.95

0.5, 1.82

0.891

1.32

0.39, 4.44

0.65

3

1.43

0.58, 3.5

0.435

3.21

0.78, 13.23

0.106

4

1.25

0.54, 2.87

0.599

1.18

0.24, 5.89

0.836

5

0.45

0.21, 0.96

0.04

0.6

0.14, 2.58

0.492

Residential location

Major city

Referent

Referent

Regional/remote

1.74

1.07, 2.84

0.027

2.07

0.92, 4.66

0.078

Private hospital insurance

Yes

Referent

Referent

No

4.1

2.13, 7.88

< 0.001

1.76

0.68, 4.56

0.243

Private ancillary insurance

Yes

Referent

Referent

No

5.93

2.7, 13.01

< 0.001

2.45

0.81, 7.4

0.11