Table 2 Factors associated with baseline quality of life in physical health domains

Age (year)

-0.243 (-0.532, 0.046)

-0.006 (-0.871, 0.859)

0.166 (-0.325, 0.657)

0.263 (-0.131, 0.658)

-0.051 (-0.353, 0.250)

Time since diagnosis (year)

1.290 (-0.152, 2.732)

-0.709 (-5.027, 3.609)

0.583 (-1.869, 3.036)

-1.305 (-3.275, 0.665)

0.079 (-1.427, 1.585)

BMI (kg/m²)

-0.485 (-1.777, 0.807)

-2.966 (-6.835, 0.902)

-1.436 (-3.633, 0.762)

-0.260 (-12.025, 1.505)

-1.012 (-2.361, 0.337)

Fragility fracture history

-10.149 (-19.220, -1.078)^*

-29.176 (-56.344, -2.008)^*

-3.686 (-15.279, 7.908)^*

-12.865 (-25.260, -0.470)^**

-12.525 (-21.998, -3.052)^**

Testosterone level (ng/mL)

2.606 (-1.071, 6.284)

7.291 (-3.723, 18.305)

-2.503 (-8.759, 3.753)

-7.363 (-12.388, -2.338)

1.293 (-2.548, 5.133)

25-hydroxyvitamin level (ng/mL)

0.266 (-0.053, 0.585)

0.009 (-0.679, 0.698)

-0.272 (-0.663, 0.119)

-0.009 (-0.323, 0.306)

-0.053 (-0.293, 0.187)

PINP level (ng/mL)

0.149 (-0.046, 0.343)

0.220 (-0.361, 0.802)

0.093 (-0.237, 0.424)

0.143 (-0.122, 0.409)

0.123 (-0.080, 0.326)

β-CTX level (ng/mL)

-19.355 (-38.203, -0.506)

-20.022 (-76.473, 36.429)

-8.241 (-0.237, 0.424)

-15.677 (-41.341, 10.078)

-14.512 (-34.196, 5.171)

Lumbar spines 1–4 BMD (g/cm²)

0.866 (-0.297, 0.565)

0.578 (-0.497, 1.659)

0.478 (-0.220, 1.243)

2.142 (-4.263, 8.547)

0.783 (-1.085, 2.520)