Table 1 Baseline characteristics of men with osteoporosis and healthy controls

Numbers

35

39

26

100

100

Age (± SD), year

62.7 ± 8.9^***

45.0 ± 12.9^{*, ###}

56.9 ± 14.3^{^^}

54.3 ± 14.4

53.1 ± 14.3

Age of diagnosis (± SD), year

60.2 ± 7.7

42.7 ± 12.6^###

53.2 ± 12.1^{^}

51.5 ± 14.0

/

Height (± SD), cm

1.72 ± 0.06

1.75 ± 0.06

1.70 ± 0.07^{^}

1.73 ± 0.07

1.73 ± 0.12

Weight (± SD), kg

69.40 ± 9.44

69.15 ± 10.83

71.95 ± 11.75

69.97 ± 10.58

71.08 ± 10.13

BMI (± SD), kg/m²

23.43 ± 2.75

22.61 ± 3.44

24.78 ± 3.59

23.46 ± 3.34

23.77 ± 3.29

Type 2 diabetes, n (%)

12 (34.3)^*

4 (10.3)^#

4 (15.4)

20 (20.0)^**

8 (8.0)

Fragility fracture, n (%)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

26 (100.0)^{*, #,} ^

26 (26.0)^***

0 (0.0)

Treatments, n (%)

19 (54.3)^*

27 (69.2)^*

20 (76.9)^*

66 (66.0)^***

0 (0.0)

 Alendronate sodium, n

16

18

9

43

0

 Zoledronic acid, n

3

9

11

23

0

Laboratory indexes (± SD)

 Luteinizing hormone, IU/L

3.42 ± 1.25

3.92 ± 2.13

5.88 ± 4.85

4.21 ± 2.88

/

 Follicle-stimulating hormone, IU/L

9.28 ± 4.40

8.71 ± 7.27

10.39 ± 5.83

9.22 ± 6.26

 Testosterone, ng/mL

4.16 ± 1.15

3.76 ± 0.90

4.32 ± 1.02

4.30 ± 1.00

 25-hydroxyvitamin, ng/mL

31.69 ± 11.54

29.52 ± 9.32

36.72 ± 23.82

32.11 ± 15.03

 Calcium, mmol/L

2.37 ± 0.07

2.36 ± 0.08

2.38 ± 0.10

2.37 ± 0.08

 Phosphorus, mmol/L

1.09 ± 0.12

1.04 ± 0.16

1.04 ± 0.15

1.06 ± 0.14

 Parathyroid hormone, pg/mL

45.08 ± 12.65

41.76 ± 23.41

42.84 ± 19.36

43.21 ± 18.97

 Alkaline phosphatase, U/L

70.12 ± 16.67

68.19 ± 25.04

72.50 ± 32.76

70.04 ± 24.83

 PINP, ng/mL

37.04 ± 21.28

30.83 ± 20.57

40.63 ± 34.66

36.48 ± 29.92

 β-CTX, ng/mL

0.31 ± 0.27

0.21 ± 0.18

0.31 ± 0.27

0.27 ± 0.24

Bone mineral density (± SD)

 Lumbar spines 1–4, g/cm²

0.986 ± 0.113

0.878 ± 0.097^###

0.823 ± 0.123^###

0.903 ± 0.127

/

 Femoral neck, g/cm²

0.766 ± 0.067

0.754 ± 0.119

0.710 ± 0.105^#

0.750 ± 0.102

 Total hip, g/cm²

0.825 ± 0.066

0.769 ± 0.110^#

0.754 ± 0.119^#

0.785 ± 0.103