From: Associations between blood antioxidant levels and femoral neck strength
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sβ (95% CI) | P Value | Sβ (95% CI) | P Value | |
Femoral Neck bone mineral density (gms/cm2 ) | ||||
Blood total lutein (umol/L) | -0.21 (-0.34, -0.09) | < 0.001** | -0.17 (-0.30, -0.05) | 0.007** |
Blood zeaxanthin (umol/L) | -0.20 (-0.60, 0.20) | 0.322 | -0.16 (-0.55, 0.23) | 0.423 |
Blood beta-cryptoxanthin (umol/L) | -0.14 (-0.25, -0.04) | 0.007** | -0.12 (-0.22, -0.02) | 0.022* |
Blood 13-cis-beta-carotene (umol/L) | -0.28 (-0.55, -0.01) | 0.039* | -0.21 (-0.47, 0.05) | 0.119 |
Blood alpha-carotene (umol/L) | -0.24 (-0.44, -0.04) | 0.020* | -0.21 (-0.41, -0.02) | 0.035* |
Blood all trans-beta-carotene (umol/L) | -0.03 (-0.06, -0.01) | 0.007** | -0.03 (-0.05, -0.00) | 0.048* |
Blood total lycopene (umol/L) | -0.01 (-0.10, 0.08) | 0.814 | -0.04 (-0.13, 0.05) | 0.338 |
Blood gamma-tocopherol (umol/L) | 0.00 (-0.00, 0.01) | 0.268 | 0.00 (-0.00, 0.01) | 0.509 |
Blood alpha-tocopherol (umol/L) | -0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) | 0.153 | -0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) | 0.834 |
Blood retinol (umol/L) | -0.03 (-0.06, -0.00) | 0.024* | -0.02 (-0.05, 0.01) | 0.123 |
Compression Strength Index (g/kg-m) | ||||
Blood total lutein (umol/L) | 0.32 (-0.06, 0.71) | 0.102 | 0.38 (-0.01, 0.77) | 0.059 |
Blood zeaxanthin (umol/L) | 1.28 (0.05, 2.52) | 0.042* | 1.27 (0.03, 2.50) | 0.045* |
Blood beta-cryptoxanthin (umol/L) | 0.20 (-0.12, 0.53) | 0.220 | 0.23 (-0.09, 0.56) | 0.165 |
Blood 13-cis-beta-carotene (umol/L) | 1.15 (0.32, 1.98) | 0.007** | 1.11 (0.28, 1.94) | 0.009** |
Blood alpha-carotene (umol/L) | 0.64 (0.01, 1.27) | 0.046* | 0.59 (-0.04, 1.21) | 0.067 |
Blood all trans-beta-carotene (umol/L) | 0.05 (-0.03, 0.13) | 0.209 | 0.05 (-0.03, 0.13) | 0.216 |
Blood total lycopene (umol/L) | 0.07 (-0.21, 0.35) | 0.627 | 0.06 (-0.22, 0.34) | 0.661 |
Blood gamma-tocopherol (umol/L) | -0.02 (-0.04, -0.01) | 0.014* | -0.03 (-0.05, -0.01) | 0.006** |
Blood alpha-tocopherol (umol/L) | -0.01 (-0.01, -0.00) | 0.009** | -0.01 (-0.01, -0.00) | 0.024* |
Blood retinol (umol/L) | -0.07 (-0.16, 0.01) | 0.076 | -0.05 (-0.14, 0.03) | 0.192 |
Bending Strength Index (g/kg-m) | ||||
Blood total lutein (umol/L) | 0.18 (0.02, 0.34) | 0.029* | 0.19 (0.03, 0.35) | 0.024* |
Blood zeaxanthin (umol/L) | 0.59 (0.09, 1.10) | 0.021* | 0.54 (0.03, 1.06) | 0.037* |
Blood beta-cryptoxanthin (umol/L) | 0.22 (0.09, 0.35) | 0.001** | 0.22 (0.09, 0.36) | 0.001** |
Blood 13-cis-beta-carotene (umol/L) | 0.46 (0.12, 0.80) | 0.008** | 0.37 (0.02, 0.71) | 0.036* |
Blood alpha-carotene (umol/L) | 0.35 (0.10, 0.61) | 0.007** | 0.28 (0.02, 0.54) | 0.035* |
Blood all trans-beta-carotene (umol/L) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.07) | 0.019* | 0.03 (-0.00, 0.06) | 0.080* |
Blood total lycopene (umol/L) | 0.05 (-0.06, 0.17) | 0.350 | 0.08 (-0.04, 0.19) | 0.200 |
Blood gamma-tocopherol (umol/L) | -0.01 (-0.01, 0.00) | 0.117 | -0.01 (-0.02, 0.00) | 0.064 |
Blood alpha-tocopherol (umol/L) | -0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) | 0.200 | -0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) | 0.286 |
Blood retinol (umol/L) | -0.04 (-0.07, -0.01) | 0.018* | -0.03 (-0.06, 0.00) | 0.094 |
Impact Strength Index (g/kg-m) | ||||
Blood total lutein (umol/L) | 0.02 (-0.00, 0.04) | 0.060 | 0.02 (0.00, 0.04) | 0.050 |
Blood zeaxanthin (umol/L) | 0.07 (0.01, 0.13) | 0.025* | 0.06 (0.00, 0.13) | 0.045 |
Blood beta-cryptoxanthin (umol/L) | 0.02 (0.00, 0.03) | 0.049* | 0.02 (0.00, 0.03) | 0.043* |
Blood 13-cis-beta-carotene (umol/L) | 0.05 (0.01, 0.09) | 0.024* | 0.04 (-0.01, 0.08) | 0.097 |
Blood alpha-carotene (umol/L) | 0.05 (0.02, 0.08) | 0.003** | 0.04 (0.01, 0.07) | 0.020* |
Blood all trans-beta-carotene (umol/L) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) | 0.023 | 0.00 (-0.00, 0.01) | 0.101 |
Blood total lycopene (umol/L) | 0.01 (-0.00, 0.03) | 0.083 | 0.02 (0.00, 0.03) | 0.036 |
Blood gamma-tocopherol (umol/L) | -0.00 (-0.00, -0.00) | 0.002 | -0.00 (-0.00, -0.00) | < 0.001 |
Blood alpha-tocopherol (umol/L) | -0.00 (-0.00, -0.00) | 0.021 | -0.00 (-0.00, -0.00) | 0.035 |
Blood retinol (umol/L) | -0.00 (-0.01, 0.00) | 0.281 | -0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) | 0.714 |