Table 1 Characteristics of study population (n = 1080) with low back pain
Variable | % (n) | Mean (SD) / Median (IQR) |
|---|---|---|
Sex % (n) | ||
Men | 44.9 (485) | |
Women | 54.9 (593) | |
Missing | 0.2 (2) | |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) % (n) | ||
< 25 | 38.8 (419) | |
25–30 | 39.4 (426) | |
> 30 | 21.3 (230) | |
Missing | 0.5 (5) | |
Smoking % (n) | ||
Non-smoker | 49.6 (536) | |
Former | 30.0 (324) | |
Current | 15.4 (166) | |
Missing | 5.0 (54) | |
Education years % (n) | ||
< 9 | 3.6 (39) | |
9–12 | 70.2 (758) | |
> 12 | 22.9 (247) | |
Missing | 3.3 (36) | |
Leisure-time physical activity (times/week) % (n) | ||
< 1 | 26.0 (281) | |
1–3 | 54.6 (590) | |
> 4 | 15.5 (167) | |
Missing | 3.9 (42) | |
Occupational physical exposures % (n) | ||
Low | 54.7 (591) | |
High | 38.6 (417) | |
Missing | 6.7 (72) | |
LBP-related disability mean (SD) | 4.7 (2.5) | |
Missing % (n) | 5.5 (59) | |
LDD sum score median (IQR) | 4 (3–6) | |
Missing % (n) | 3.2 (35) | |
Modic changes % (n) | ||
Absent | 27.9 (301) | |
Present | 68.6 (741) | |
Missing | 3.5 (38) | |
Disc herniations % (n) | ||
No disc displacement or bulge | 75.6 (816) | |
Protrusion, extrusion or sequester | 20.3 (219) | |
Missing | 4.2 (45) | |
Mental distress % (n) | ||
No | 75.6 (816) | |
Yes | 21.3 (230) | |
Missing | 3.1 (34) | |
Insomnia % (n) | ||
No | 57.3 (619) | |
Yes | 36.3 (392) | |
Missing | 6.4 (69) | |
Mental distress and insomnia combined % (n) | ||
Absence of both mental distress and insomnia | 49.3 (532) | |
Isolated mental distress | 7.9 (85) | |
Isolated insomnia | 24.1 (260) | |
Co-occurring mental distress and insomnia | 12.2 (132) | |
Missing | 6.6 (71) |