Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients grouped by the status of RAAS inhibitors use and hypertension
Variables | non-users without hypertension | non-users with hypertension | ACEI users | ARB users | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 361) | (n = 123) | (n = 209) | (n = 132) | ||
Demographic characteristics | |||||
 Sex(female) | 231 (64.0%) | 83 (67.5%) | 146 (69.9%) | 94 (71.2%) | 0.344 |
 Age(years) | 73.11 ± 10.38 | 66.37 ± 11.96 | 76.86 ± 6.98 | 71.58 ± 10.59 |  < 0.001 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 21.84 ± 4.63 | 21.51 ± 3.80 | 21.79 ± 3.87 | 21.72 ± 3.71 | 0.938 |
 Fractures history (yes) | 57 (15.8%) | 10 (8.1%) | 27 (12.9%) | 29 (22.0%) | 0.015 |
 Smoking history (yes) | 36 (10.0%) | 15 (12.2%) | 23 (11.0%) | 12 (9.1%) | 0.845 |
 Alcoholism history(yes) | 21 (5.8%) | 5 (4.1%) | 12 (5.7%) | 6 (4.5%) | 0.852 |
Surgery-related variables | |||||
 Location of fracture(femoral neck) | 189 (52.4%) | 63 (51.2%) | 111 (53.1%) | 60 (45.5%) | 0.524 |
 Surgical procedures(arthroplasty) | 169 (46.8%) | 57 (46.3%) | 103 (49.3%) | 54 (40.9%) | 0.508 |
 Anesthesia (spinal) | 5 (1.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.197 |
 Time from injury to surgery (Days) | 4.81 ± 0.95 | 4.83 ± 1.03 | 4.97 ± 0.93 | 4.82 ± 0.84 | 0.362 |
 CCI score (> 4) | 99 (27.4%) | 20 (16.3%) | 51 (24.4%) | 39 (29.5%) | 0.057 |
 Electrocardiogram (abnormal) | 226 (62.6%) | 68 (55.3%) | 127 (60.8%) | 68 (51.5%) | 0.114 |
 Chest radiograph (abnormal) | 175 (48.5%) | 61 (49.6%) | 101 (48.3%) | 71 (53.8%) | 0.744 |
 Hypertension(yes) | 0 (0.0%) | 123 (100.0%) | 209 (100.0%) | 132 (100.0%) |  < 0.001 |
 Polytrauma(yes) | 47 (13.0%) | 15 (12.2%) | 44 (21.1%) | 18 (13.6%) | 0.045 |
Laboratory findings | |||||
 RBC | 4.48 ± 0.48 | 4.38 ± 0.51 | 4.41 ± 0.48 | 4.46 ± 0.50 | 0.188 |
 Hb (g/L) | 95.87 ± 13.58 | 94.93 ± 13.32 | 94.09 ± 14.40 | 95.91 ± 15.23 | 0.471 |
 ALB (g/L) | 38.39 ± 8.83 | 37.81 ± 9.41 | 37.92 ± 9.22 | 38.34 ± 9.04 | 0.838 |
 GLU (mmol/L) | 6.15 ± 1.38 | 6.39 ± 1.41 | 6.25 ± 1.35 | 6.04 ± 1.42 | 0.164 |
Outcomes | |||||
 3-month mortality | 15 (4.2%) | 6 (4.9%) | 5 (2.4%) | 3 (2.3%) | 0.478 |
 6-month mortality | 32 (8.9%) | 14 (11.4%) | 12 (5.7%) | 7 (5.3%) | 0.166 |
 1-year mortality | 71 (19.7%) | 32 (26.0%) | 27 (12.9%) | 16 (12.1%) | 0.005 |
 3-month independent walking rate | 84 (23.3%) | 28 (22.8%) | 47 (22.5%) | 31 (23.5%) | 0.996 |
 6-month independent walking rate | 168 (46.5%) | 47 (38.2%) | 146 (69.9%) | 94 (71.2%) |  < 0.001 |
 1-year independent walking rate | 252 (69.8%) | 64 (52.0%) | 177 (84.7%) | 112 (84.8%) |  < 0.001 |