Table 5 Multivariate analysis to identify independent predictors of pain severity at 3 and 12 months for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and comorbid depression

Sociodemographic variables

 Gender (male)

-0.355

-0.962 to 0.253

0.251

-

-

-

 Lives with partner

-0.436

-0.915 to 0.043

0.074

-

-

-

 Currently working

-

-

-

-0.770

-1.520 to -0.019

0.044

 Secondary or higher education

-0.237

-0.730 to 0.256

0.346

-0.151

-0.776 to 0.475

0.636

Brief Pain Inventory, severity

0.525

0.367 to 0.682

< 0.001

0.483

0.295 to 0.670

< 0.001

Brief Pain Inventory, interference

0.111

-0.038 to 0.260

0.144

0.158

-0.028 to 0.344

0.095

Duration of chronic pain ≥ 24 months

0.504

-0.129 to 1.136

0.118

0.907

0.108 to 1.707

0.026

Psychiatric comorbidity

 Severity of depression: HSCL-20 score¹

-0.054

-0.471 to 0.362

0.798

0.029

-0.495 to 0.554

0.912

 Anxiety disorders

0.545

-0.060 to 1.150

0.077

0.520

-0.196 to 1.236

0.154

Survey of Pain Attitudes (SOPA) domains

 Control

0.249

-0.029 to 0.527

0.079

-

-

-

 Harm

-0.183

-0.489 to 0.124

0.242

-0.071

-0.450 to 0.308

0.714

 Emotion

-0.071

-0.315 to 0.171

0.564

0.039

-0.268 to 0.345

0.804

 Disability

0.226

-0.134 to 0.587

0.218

-0.141

-0.561 to 0.278

0.508

 Medication

-

-

-

0.239

-0.060 to 0.539

0.116

 Solicitude

-

-

-

0.121

-0.097 to 0.338

0.275

Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) global score

0.027

0.002 to 0.052

0.033

-0.007

-0.036 to 0.023

0.653

Study arm (intervention)

-0.025

-0.483 to 0.433

0.915

-0.350

-0.913 to 0.213

0.222