Table 4 Predictors of pain interference at 3 and 12 months for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and co-morbid depression in the bivariate analysis
3 months | 12 months | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline variables | β coefficient | 95% CI | p | β coefficient | 95% CI | p |
Sociodemographic variables | ||||||
Gender (male) | -0.115 | -0.855 to 0.625 | 0.760 | -0.371 | -1.233 to 0.492 | 0.398 |
Age | -0.016 | -0.044 to 0.011 | 0.247 | -0.008 | -0.038 to 0.023 | 0.623 |
Lives with partner | -0.507 | -1.097 to 0.084 | 0.092 | -0.212 | -0.862 to 0.439 | 0.522 |
Currently working | -0.711 | -1.419 to -0.003 | 0.049 | -1.015 | -1.797 to -0.233 | 0.011 |
Secondary or higher education | -0.382 | -0.980 to 0.216 | 0.210 | -0.010 | -0.667 to 0.647 | 0.977 |
Brief Pain Inventory, intensity | 0.589 | 0.445 to 0.733 | < 0.001 | 0.448 | 0.285 to 0.612 | < 0.001 |
Brief Pain Inventory, interference | 0.540 | 0.434 to 0.645 | < 0.001 | 0.406 | 0.281 to 0.532 | < 0.001 |
Length of chronic pain ≥ 24 months | 0.645 | -0.121 to 1.410 | 0.099 | 1.415 | 0.568 to 2.262 | 0.001 |
Psychiatric comorbidity | ||||||
Length of depressive episode ≥ 24 months | 0.422 | -0.148 to 0.992 | 0.146 | 0.347 | -0.279 to 0.973 | 0.276 |
Severity of depression: HSCL-20 score 1 | 1.226 | 0.858 to 1.594 | < 0.001 | 1.144 | 0.722 to 1.565 | < 0.001 |
Anxiety disorders | 1.217 | 0.551 to 1.882 | < 0.001 | 1.177 | 0.453 to 1.900 | 0.002 |
Physical comorbidity: DUSOI score2 | 0.016 | -0.008 to 0.039 | 0.195 | 0.003 | -0.023 to 0.029 | 0.842 |
Survey of Pain Attitudes (SOPA) domains | ||||||
Control | -0.642 | -0.885 to -0.400 | < 0.001 | -0.311 | -0.599 to -0.023 | 0.034 |
Harm | 0.634 | 0.295 to 0.972 | < 0.001 | 0.381 | -0.004 to 0.766 | 0.052 |
Emotion | 0.679 | 0.432 to 0.925 | < 0.001 | 0.361 | 0.084 to 0.639 | 0.011 |
Disability | 1.171 | 0.890 to 1.452 | < 0.001 | 0.891 | 0.560 to 1.221 | < 0.001 |
Medication | 0.178 | -0.113 to 0.469 | 0.230 | 0.368 | 0.055 to 0.681 | 0.021 |
Medical cure | -0.038 | -0.315 to 0.238 | 0.786 | -0.248 | -0.547 to 0.051 | 0.103 |
Solicitude | 0.333 | 0.138 to 0.529 | 0.001 | 0.270 | 0.054 to 0.486 | 0.014 |
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) global score | 0.079 | 0.061 to 0.097 | < 0.001 | 0.049 | 0.027 to 0.071 | < 0.001 |
Study arm (intervention) | -0.383 | -0.946 to 0.180 | 0.182 | -0.562 | -1.181 to 0.057 | 0.075 |