Table 3 Predictors of pain intensity at 3 and 12 months for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and co-morbid depression in the bivariate analysis

Sociodemographic variables

 Gender (male)

-0.723

-1.416 to -0.031

0.041

-0.587

-1.446 to 0.272

0.179

 Age (years)

0.013

-0.014 to 0.039

0.344

0.019

-0.012 to 0.050

0.222

 Lives with partner

-0.645

-1.201 to -0.090

0.023

-0.045

-0.695 to 0.605

0.891

 Currently working

-0.327

-1.003 to 0.350

0.342

-0.971

-1.744 to-0.197

0.014

 Secondary or higher education

-0.708

-1.269 to -0.148

0.013

-0.661

-1.313 to -0.010

0.047

Brief Pain Inventory, intensity

0.688

0.561 to 0.816

< 0.001

0.617

0.462 to 0.772

< 0.001

Brief Pain Inventory, interference

0.400

0.294 to 0.505

< 0.001

0.336

0.208 to 0.464

< 0.001

Length of chronic pain ≥ 24 months

0.770

0.050 to 1.490

0.036

1.086

0.234 to 1.938

0.013

Psychiatric comorbidity

 Length of depressive episode ≥ 24 months

0.349

-0.189 to 0.886

0.203

0.188

-0.437 to 0.814

0.553

 Severity of depression: HSCL-20 score¹

0.772

0.412 to 1.133

< 0.001

0.669

0.234 to 1.103

0.003

 Anxiety disorders

1.181

0.554 to 1.808

< 0.001

0.936

0.209 to 1.662

0.012

Physical comorbidity: DUSOI score²

0.008

-0.014 to 0.030

0.483

0.008

-0.018 to 0.034

0.527

Survey of Pain Attitudes (SOPA) domains

 Control

-0.332

-0.567 to -0.097

0.006

-0.054

-0.344 to 0.235

0.713

 Harm

0.384

0.060 to 0.707

0.020

0.402

0.018 to 0.785

0.040

 Emotion

0.478

0.240 to 0.715

< 0.001

0.470

0.196 to 0.744

0.001

 Disability

0.784

0.505 to 1.063

< 0.001

0.562

0.222 to 0.901

0.001

 Medication

0.123

-0.152 to 0.397

0.381

0.441

0.130 to 0.752

0.006

 Medical cure

-0.003

-0.264 to 0.258

0.982

-0.136

-0.435 to 0.163

0.372

 Solicitude

0.183

-0.003 to 0.369

0.054

0.324

0.109 to 0.538

0.003

Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) global score

0.058

0.040 to 0.076

< 0.001

0.045

0.022 to 0.067

< 0.001

Study arm (intervention)

-0.076

-0.609 to 0.456

0.778

-0.433

-1.051 to 0.186

0.170