Table 2 Clinical Outcomes in Different Groups
|  | Conventional Group (n = 67) | Simulation Group (n = 48) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Duration of surgery (min) | 110.1 ± 26.4 | 82.9 ± 12.8 | < 0.001 |
Blood loss volume (ml) | 149 ± 33.7 | 112.9 ± 21.2 | < 0.001 |
Duration of hospital stay (days) | 10.8 ± 2.7* | 11.1 ± 1.8 | 0.494 |
Neck-shaft angle | Â | Â | 0.02 |
 120°-150° | 50 (74.6%) | 44 (91.7%) |  |
 < 120° or > 150° | 17 (25.4%) | 4 (8.3%) |  |
Head-shaft displacement | Â | Â | 0.031 |
 < 5 mm | 42 (62.7%) | 39 (81.2%) |  |
 > 5 mm | 25 (37.3%) | 9 (18.8%) |  |
Greater tuberosity cranialization | Â | Â | 0.008 |
 < 5 mm | 46 (68.7%) | 43 (89.6%) |  |
 > 5 mm | 21 (31.3%) | 5 (10.4%) |  |
Overall reduction quality | Â | Â | 0.017 |
 Good | 34 (50.7%) | 35 (72.9%) |  |
 Malreduced | 33 (49.3%) | 13 (27.1%) |  |
ASES score | 70.7 ± 14.6 | 79.0 ± 12.0 | 0.002 |
Constant score | 63.0 ± 12.4 | 71.1 ± 9.7 | < 0.001 |
Forward flexion | 128.3 ± 23.1 | 145.6 ± 16.1 | < 0.001 |
Abduction | 98.6 ± 18.4 | 117.8 ± 19.0 | < 0.001 |
External rotation | 35.8 ± 8.8 | 46.9 ± 7.0 | < 0.001 |
Complications | 21 (31.3%) | 4 (8.3%) | 0.003 |